Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:15:19.477Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Germination and Seedling Development of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

R. G. Wilson Jr.
R. G. Wilson Jr.*
Affiliation:
Univ. of Nebraska, Panhandle Stn., Scotts-bluff, NE 69361
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Optimum germination of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] occurred at alternating temperatures of 20 to 30 C and 30 to 40 C and at a constant temperature of 30 C. Osmotic pressures of 7 bars and greater reduced germination, but 2% of the seeds germinated at 15 bars. Canada thistle seeds (14%) were able to germinate in NaCl concentrations of 20,000 ppmw. Light was important in seed germination, however, its effect could be overcome by adding GA3 (gibberellic acid) to the germination medium. Optimum pH for germination was between 5.8 and 7.0. Depth of planting influenced emergence; the highest percentage of seedlings emerged from depths of 0.5 to 1.5 cm. Canada thistle seedlings tolerated average soil moisture tensions of 1.3 bars and continued to grow. Canada thistle seedlings 19 days old and with two true leaves were able to resprout after top-growth removal. Regrowth was evident on 8% of the clipped plants 4 days after initial top-growth removal.

Keywords

Plant growth regulatorsmoisture stressperennating activitysalinity
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , March 1979 , pp. 146 - 151
Copyright
Copyright © 1979 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Amor, R. L. and Harris, R. V. 1974. Distribution and seed production of [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] in Victoria, Australia. Weed Res. 14:317–323.Google Scholar
2. Bakker, D. 1960. A comparative life-history of [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and (Tussilago farfara L.), the most troublesome weeds in the newly reclaimed polders of the former Zuider Zee. Pages 205–222 in Harper, J. L., ed. The Biology of Weeds. Balckwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
3. Bruns, V. F. and Rasmussen, L. W. 1957. The effect of fresh water storage on the germination of certain weed seeds. 2. White top, Russian knapweed, Canada thistle, morning glory, and poverty weed. Weeds 5:2–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Derscheid, L. A. and Schultz, R. 1960. Achene development of Canada thistle and perennial sow thistle. Weeds 8:55–62.Google Scholar
5. Egginton, G. E. and Robbins, W. W. 1920. Irrigation water as a factor in the dissemination of weed seeds. Colorado Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 253. 25 pp.Google Scholar
6. Evetts, L. L. and Burnside, O. C. 1972. Germination and seedling development of common milkweed and other species. Weed Sci. 20:371–378.Google Scholar
7. Goss, W. L. 1925. The vitality of buried seeds. J. Agric. Res. 29:349–362.Google Scholar
8. Guneyli, E., Burnside, O. C., and Nordquist, P. T. 1969. Influence of seedling characteristics on weed competitive ability of sorghum hybrids and inbred lines. Crop Sci. 9:713–716.Google Scholar
9. Hansen, A. A. 1918. Canada thistle and method of eradication U.S. Dep. Agric. Farmers Bull. 1002. 15 pp.Google Scholar
10. Hodgson, J. M. 1968. The nature, ecology, and control of Canada thistle. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1386. 32pp.Google Scholar
11. Hope, A. 1927. The dissemination of weed seeds by irrigation water in Alberta. Sci. Agric. 7:268–276.Google Scholar
12. Kelly, A. D. and Bruns, V. F. 1975. Dissemination of weed seeds by irrigation water. Weed Sci. 23:486–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Kohler, D. 1966. Dependence of the gibberellin production of normal peas in the phytochrome system. Planta 69:27–33.Google Scholar
14. Kollar, B. 1968. The germination and viability of weed seeds matured in winter wheat at different soil depths. Acta Fytotechnica Nitra. 17:103–110.Google Scholar
15. Moore, R. S. 1975. The biology of Canadian weeds 13. [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] Can. J. Plant Sci. 55:1033–1048.Google Scholar
16. Powell, P. M. and Pfeifer, R. P. 1956. The effect of control of limited moisture on seedling growth of Cheyenne winter wheat selections. Agron. J. 48:555–557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Reed, C. F. and Hughes, R. D. 1970. Selected weeds of the United States U.S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv. Agric. Handbook 366. 463 pp.Google Scholar
18. Salisbury, E. 1961. Weeds and Aliens. Collins, London. 384 pp.Google Scholar
19. Salisbury, F. B. and Ross, C. 1974. Plant Physiology. Wadsworth Publishing Co., Belmont, California 747 pp.Google Scholar
20. Scifres, C. S. and McCarty, M. K. 1969. Some factors affecting germination and seedling growth of Scotch thistle. Univ. of Nebraska Res. Bull. 228. 28 pp.Google Scholar
21. Toole, E. H. and Brown, E. 1946. Final results of the Duval buried seed experiment. J. Agric. Res. 72:201–210.Google Scholar
22. Williams, J. T. 1966. Variation in the germination of several Cirsium species. Trop. Ecol. 7:1–7.Google Scholar
23. Zilke, S. and Dersheild, L. A. 1957. Factors affecting germination of Canada thistle and perennial sow thistle seeds. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 14:42–43.Google Scholar