Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T14:49:16.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic diversity of broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) and threadleaf snakeweed (G. microcephala) populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Tracy M. Sterling  and
Yanglin Hou
Tracy M. Sterling*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
Yanglin Hou
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
*
[email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Broom and threadleaf snakeweed reduce rangeland productivity throughout the western United States. These closely related species are only distinguishable at flowering and are highly variable in morphology and phenology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation among snakeweed populations from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming using isozyme analysis. Plants from each population were transplanted into pots and maintained in a greenhouse for 6 mo prior to analysis. Protein was extracted from young leaf tissue and separated using starch gel electrophoresis. Genetic variation was assessed based on expressed isozyme patterns of 10 enzymes. Of 10 enzymes tested, 16 loci were identified. Total genetic diversity (HT) was large for the eight polymorphic loci in broom snakeweed and three polymorphic loci in threadleaf snakeweed. Genetic variation among populations (DST) of both species contributed the major portion of diversity, but diversity among individuals within each population (HS) was also present. Phylogenetic analysis using Nei's genetic identity and distance determined broom snakeweed populations from New Mexico and Texas were more alike than those from Wyoming and Texas, or those from Wyoming and New Mexico. Compared to genetic differences among New Mexico broom snakeweed populations defined in a previous study, genetic diversity was greater among populations from different states. In addition, genetic variation was smaller in threadleaf snakeweed populations relative to broom snakeweed populations. Results concurred with previous research designating broom snakeweed as the progenitor of threadleaf snakeweed. Local populations of each species have probably developed due to long-term environmental selection.

Keywords

Broom snakeweed, Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby GUESAthreadleaf snakeweed, Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) Gray GUEMIGenetic variabilityisoenzymesisozyme analysispolymorphism
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 5 , October 1997 , pp. 674 - 680
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Bowers, M. D. and Stamp, N. E. 1993. Effects of plant age, genotype, and herbivory on Plantago performance and chemistry. Ecology 74: 1778–1791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, A.H.D. 1979. Enzyme polymorphism in plant populations. Theor. Popul. Biol. 15: 1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, D. H. 1990. Isozyme variability in four diploid stone fruits compared with other woody perennial plants. J. Hered. 81: 68–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chavez-Gonzales, V. 1988. Saponin content in broom snakeweed plant parts during the growing season. M.S. thesis. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM. 51 p.Google Scholar
Crawford, D. J. 1990. Plant Molecular Systematics—Macromolecular Approaches. New York: J. Wiley. 380 p.Google Scholar
Farr, D. F., Bills, G. F., Chamuris, G. P., and Rossman, A. Y. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. Minneapolis, MN: APS Press. 1252 p.Google Scholar
Farris, J. S. 1972. Estimating phylogenetic trees from distance matrices. Am. Nat. 106: 645–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, D. E., Uekert, D. N., and DeLoach, C. J. 1981. Insects associated with broom snakeweed [Xanthocephalum sarothrae] and threadleaf snakeweed [Xanthocephalum microcephala] in west Texas and eastern New Mexico. J. Range Manage. 34: 446–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, L. D. 1981. Electrophoretic evidence and plant populations. Prog. Phytochem. 7: 1–46.Google Scholar
Hamrick, J. L. and Godt, M. J. 1990. Allozyme diversity in plants species. in Brown, A.H.D., Clegg, M. T., Kahler, A. L., and Weir, B. S., eds. Plant Populations Genetics, Breeding, and Genetic Resources. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, pp. 43–63.Google Scholar
Hartl, D. L. 1988. Genetic variation. Pages 72–95 in Hartl, D. L., ed. A Primer of Population Genetics. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, pp. 72–95.Google Scholar
Hedrick, P. W., Ginevan, M. E., and Ewing, E. P. 1976. Genetic polymorphism in heterogenous environments. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 7: 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hou, Y. and Sterling, T. M. 1994. Phenotypic variability in broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae). Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 34: 29.Google Scholar
Hou, Y. and Sterling, T. M. 1995. Isozyme variation in broom snakeweed. Weed Sci. 43: 156–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Julien, M. H. 1992. Biological Control of Weeds—A World Catalogue of Agents and their Target Weeds. 3rd ed. Oxon, Great Britain: CAB International. 186 p.Google Scholar
Lane, M. A. 1980. Systematics of Amphiachyris, Creenella, Gutierrezia, Gymnosperma, Thurovia and Xanthocephalum (Compositae: Astereae). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Texas, Austin, TX. 409 p.Google Scholar
Lane, M. A. 1982. Generic limits of Xanthocephalum, Gutierrezia, Amphiachyris, Gymnosperma, Greanella, and Thurovia (Compositae: Astereae). Syst. Bot. 7: 405–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, M. A. 1985. Taxonomy of Gutierrezia (Compositae: Astereae) in North America. Syst. Bot. 10: 7–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levene, H. 1949. On a matching problem arising in genetics. Ann. Math. Stat. 20: 91–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loveless, M. D. and Hamrick, J. L. 1984. Ecological determinants of genetic structure in plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15: 65–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McOaniel, K. C., Pieper, R. D., and Donart, G. B. 1982. Grass response following thinning of broom snakeweed. J. Range Manage. 35: 142–145.Google Scholar
McDaniel, K. C. and Torell, L. A. 1987. Ecology and management of broom snakeweed. in Capinera, J. L., ed. Inregrared Pest Management on Rangeland, a Shortgrass Prairie Perspective. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 101–115.Google Scholar
Nei, M. 1972. Genetic distance between populations. Am. Nat. 106: 283–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nei, M. 1973. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 70: 3321–3323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nei, M. 1977. F-statistics and anlysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Ann. Human Genet. 41: 225–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nei, M. 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89: 583–590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nei, M., Tajima, F., and Tateno, Y. 1983. Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data. II. Gene frequency data. J. Mol. Evol. 19: 153–170.Google ScholarPubMed
Noble, I. R. 1989. Attributes of invaders and the invading process: terrestrial and vascular plants. in Drake, J. A., Mooney, H. A., diCastri, F., Groves, R. H., Kruger, F. J., Rejmánek, M., and Williamson, M., eds. Biological Invasion: A Global Perspective. Chichester, Great Britain: J. Wiley, pp. 301–313.Google Scholar
Parker, M. A. and Root, R. B. 1981. Insect herbivores limit habitat distribution of a native composite, Machaeranthera canescens . Ecology 62: 1390–1392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, P. A. 1987. Evolutionary rates under environmental stress. Evol. Biol. 21: 311–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richman, D. B. and Huddleston, E. W. 1981. Root feeding by the beetle, Crossidius pulchellus LeConte and other insects on broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia spp.) in eastern and central New Mexico. Environ. Entomol. 10: 53–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuster, W.S.F., Sandquist, D. R., Phillips, S. L., and Ehleringer, J. R. 1994. High levels of genetic variation in populations of four dominant aridland plant species in Arizona. J. Arid Environ. 27: 159–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solbrig, O. T. 1960. Cytotaxonomic and evolutionary studies in the North American species of Gutierrezia (Compositae). Contrib. Gray Herb. 188: 1–61.Google Scholar
Swofford, D. L. and Selander, R. B. 1981. BIOSYS-1: a FORTRAN program for the comprehensive analysis of electrophoretic data in population genetics and systematics. J. Hered. 72: 281–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, D. C., McDaniel, K. C., and Torell, L. A. 1996. Feeding by a native grasshopper reduces densities and biomass of broom snakeweed. J. Range Manage. 49: 407–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torell, L. A., Gordon, H. W., McDaniel, K. C., and McGinty, A. 1988. Economic impact of perennial snakeweed infestations. in James, L. F., Taiphs, M. H., and Nielson, D. B., eds. The Ecology and Economic Impact of Poisonous Plants on Livestock Production. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 57–69.Google Scholar
Wright, S. 1978. Evolution and the genetics of populations. in Variability Within and Among Natural Populations. Volume 4. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 125–257.Google Scholar