Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T20:26:47.540Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Fluorometric Detection of Photosystem II Herbicide Penetration and Detoxification in Whole Leaves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Manfred Voss
Affiliation:
Max-Volmer-Institut für Biophysikalische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-1000 Berlin 12, Germany
Gernot Renger
Affiliation:
Max-Volmer-Institut für Biophysikalische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-1000 Berlin 12, Germany
Clemens Kötter
Affiliation:
Schering AG, D-1000 Berlin 65, Germany
Peter Gräber
Affiliation:
Max-Volmer-Institut für Biophysikalische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-1000 Berlin 12, Germany

Abstract

The applicability of fluorescence measurements for the detection of herbicide effects in whole leaves was analyzed. Based on the results known for isolated chloroplasts, normalized variable fluorescence of the initial rise was shown to be an appropriate tool for monitoring effects of photosystem II (PS II) herbicides. Equipment is described for monitoring the degree of inhibition by fluorescence induction measurements and microcomputer data analysis. The method is used to study the effect of pyrazon [5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone], BAY DRW 1139 [4-amino-3-methyl-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one], and phenmedipham {3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino] phenyl (3-methyl-phenyl)carbamate} after foliar application to different species. A rapid decrease of normalized variable fluorescence indicates penetration into leaf cells of all species tested. During a 5- to 7-day experiment, the apparent variable fluorescence decreased continuously in herbicide-susceptible plants, while it recovered in resistant plants due to an internal detoxification mechanism. The described method provides a rapid, simple, and nondestructive tool for analyzing the kinetics of penetration and detoxification of PS II herbicides in whole leaves.

Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Arndt, F. and Kötter, C. 1968. Zur Selektivität von Phenmedipham als Nachauflaufherbizid in Beta-Rüben. Weed Res. 8:259271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Brewer, P. E., Arntzen, C. J., and Slife, F. W. 1979. Effects of atrazine, cyanazine and procyacine on the photochemical reactions of isolated chloroplasts. Weed Sci. 27:300306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Cadahia, E., Ducruet, J. M., and Gaitlardon, P. 1982. Whole leaf fluorescence as a quantitative probe of detoxification of the herbicide Chlortoluron in wheat. Chemosphere 11:361367.Google Scholar
4. Fedtke, C. 1982. Biochemistry and physiology of herbicide action. 1st. ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Fedtke, C. 1983. Leaf peroxisomes deaminate as Triazinone herbicides. Naturwissenschaften 70:199200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Fischer, A. 1962. 1-phenyl-4-amino-5-chlor-phyridazon-6 (PCA) als ein neues Rübenherbizid. Weed Res. 2:177184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Frank, R. and Schwitzer, C. M. 1969. Absorption and translocation of pyrazon by plants. Weed Sci. 17:365370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Kautsky, H. and Hirsch, A. 1934. Das Fluoreszenzverhalten grüner Pflanzen. Biochem. Z. 274:422434.Google Scholar
9. Krause, G. H., Briantais, J. -M., and Vernotte, C. 1983. Characterization of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in chloroplasts by fluorescence spectroscopy at 77 K: I. pH-dependent quenching. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 723:169175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Merbach, W. and Schilling, G. 1977. Reasons for the tolerance of sugar-beet to chloridazon, phenmedipham and benzthiazuron. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 171:187199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. van Oorschot, J. L. P. and van Leeuwen, P. H. 1979. Recovery from inhibition of photosynthesis by metamitron in various plant species. Weed Res. 19:6367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Papageorgiou, G. 1975. Chlorophyll fluorescence: An intrinsic probe of photosynthesis. Pages 319371 in Govindjee, , ed. Bioenergetics of Photosynthesis. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Pfister, K. and Arntzen, C. J. 1979. The mode of action of photosystem II-specific inhibitors in herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Z. Naturforsch. 34c:9961009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Renger, G. 1976. Studies on the structural and functional organization of system II photosynthesis: The use of Trypsin as a structural selective inhibitor at the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 440:287300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Richard, E. P. Jr., Gross, J. R., Arntzen, C. J., and Slife, F. W. 1983. Determination of herbicide inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport by fluorescence. Weed Sci. 31:361367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Schmidt, R. R. and Fedtke, C. 1977. Metamitron activity in tolerant and susceptible plants. Pestic. Sci. 8:611617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Schreiber, U., Groberman, L., and Vidaver, W. 1975. Portable solid-state fluorometer for the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence in plants. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 46:538542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Schreiber, U., Fink, R., and Vidaver, W. 1977. Fluorescence induction in whole leaves: Differentiation between the two leaf sides and adaptation to different light regimes. Planta 133:121129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19. Trebst, A., Pistorius, E., Boroschewski, G., and Schulz, H. 1968. Die Hemmung photosynthetischer Reaktionen durch Herbicide des Biscarbamat-Typs. Z. Naturforsch. 23b:342348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Trebst, A. and Harth, E. 1974. Herbicidal N-Alkylated-Ureas and ringclosed N-Acylamides as inhibitors of photosystem II. Z. Naturforsch. 29c:232235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Trebst, A. 1979. Inhibition of photosynthetic electron flow by phenol- and diphenylether herbicides in control and trypsintreated chloroplasts. Z. Naturforsch. 34c:986991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Vernotte, C., Etienne, A. L., and Briantais, J. M. 1979. Quenching of the system II chlorophyll fluorescence by the plastoquinone pool. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 545:519527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Winget, G., Izawa, S., and Good, N. E. 1965. Stoichiometry of photophosphorylation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 21:438443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed