Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:32:00.516Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense)—effects of potassium under different light and nitrogen conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Torsten N. Andersson  and
Bengt Lundegårdh
Bengt Lundegårdh
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Production Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field horsetail shoots were severed from the rhizomes and grown hydroponically with and without shade (40 and 190 μmol m–2 s–1 photosynthetic photon flux) under six different nutrient regimes, by using nutrient solutions with different amounts of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) (6/42 mmol L–1 N; 7/15/24 mmol L–1 K). Nutrients were supplied daily with the same volumes for the six different nutrient solutions at exponentially increasing rates corresponding to a maximum relative growth rate (RGR) of 12.5% from days 0 to 31 and 6% from days 32 to 48. RGR was calculated for the highest N and K rate. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance to water vapor were determined on day 48, then the plants were harvested. The fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of different plant components were determined. Shade completely inhibited growth of tubers and fertile shoots and drastically reduced RGR, average aerial shoot height, and DW of shoots and rhizomes. N supplied at the high rate to unshaded plants increased the growth of all parts or the plant except fertile shoots and tubers. No effects of K were detected at the low N rate, whereas at the high N rate, K significantly increased total DW and belowsurface DW. RGR never exceeded 10% d–1. In the unshaded treatments, the K concentration was higher in aerial shoots, 150 to 240 μmol g–1 FW, than in belowsurface organs, 30 to 90 μmol g–1 FW. Shoot growth was significantly reduced at shoot K concentrations below 150 to 210 μmol g–1 FW, and root growth was significantly reduced at root K concentrations below 30 to 50 μmol g–1 FW. K significantly increased maximum net photosynthetic rate, 10 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1, at light saturation, 1,300 μmol m–2 s–1, in unshaded plants, whereas it reduced the light compensation point and respiratory losses of CO2 in darkness. It is concluded that field horsetail is a typical sunny habitat species with a rather high K demand.

Keywords

Field horsetail, Equisetum arvense L. (Note: Nomenclature follows that of Tutin et al. [1964–1980].)Biomass allocation
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 1 , February 1999 , pp. 47 - 54
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Andersson, T. N. 1997. Crop rotation and weed flora, with special reference to the nutrient and light demand of Equisetum arvense L. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Acta Univ. Agric. Agraria 74: 26–32.Google Scholar
Andersson, T. N. and Lundegårdh, B. 1999. Growth of field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) under low light and low nitrogen conditions. Weed Sci. 47: 41–46.Google Scholar
Andersson, T. N. and Milberg, P. 1996. Weed performance in crop rotations with and without leys and at different nitrogen levels. Ann. Appl. Biol. 128: 505–518.Google Scholar
Asher, C. J. 1978. Natural and synthetic culture media for Spermatophytes. CRC Handb. Set. Nutr. Food Sect. G. 3: 575–609.Google Scholar
Baker, D. A., Malek, F., and Dehvar, F. D. 1980. Phloem loading of amino acids from the petioles of Ricinus leaves. Bet. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 93: 203–209.Google Scholar
Barraclough, P. B. 1989. Root growth, macronutrient uptake dynamics and soil fertility requirements of a high-yielding winter oil seed rape crop. Plant Soil 119: 59–70.Google Scholar
Bergmann, W. 1992. Nutritional Disorders of Plants. Development, Visual and Analytical Diagnosis. Jena, Germany: Gustav Fischer, p. 333–352.Google Scholar
Borg, P.J.V. 1971. Ecology of Equisetum palustre in Finland, with special reference to its role as a noxious weed. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 8: 93–141.Google Scholar
Cakmak, I. 1994. Activity of ascorbate-dependent H2O2-scavenging enzymes and leaf chlorosis are enhanced in magnesium- and potassium-deficient leaves, but not in phosphorus-deficient leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 45: 1259–1266.Google Scholar
Cakmak, I., Hengeler, C., and Marschner, H. 1994. Partitioning of shoot and root dry matter and carbohydrates in bean plants suffering from phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiency. J. Exp. Bot. 45: 1245–1250.Google Scholar
Campbell, B. D., Grime, J. P., and MacKey, J.M.L. 1991. A trade-off between scale and precision in resource foraging. Oecologia 87: 532–538.Google Scholar
Cloutier, D. and Watson, A. 1985. Growth and regeneration of field horsetail (Equisetum arvense). Weed Sci. 33: 359–365.Google Scholar
Egilla, J. N. and Davies, F. T. Jr. 1995. Response of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. to varying levels of potassium fertilization: growth, gas exchange and mineral element concentration. J. Plant Nutr. 18: 1765–1783.Google Scholar
Ericsson, T. 1995. Growth and shoot: root ratio of seedlings in relation to nutrient availability. Plant Soil 168–169: 205–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ericsson, T. and Kähr, M. 1993. Growth and nutrition of birch seedlings in relation to potassium supply rate. Trees 7: 78–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, E. S. and Bremer, E. 1993. Influence of magnesium deficiency on rates of leaf-expansion, starch and sucrose accumulation, and net assimilation in Phaseolus vulgaris . Physiol. Plant. 89: 271–276.Google Scholar
Golub, S. and Wetmore, R. 1948. Studies on the development in the vegetative shoot of Equisetum arvense. 1. The shoot apex. Am. J. Bot. 35: 755–767.Google Scholar
Håkansson, S. 1969. Experiments with Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. VII. Temperature and light effects on development and growth. Reprinted from Lantbrukhögskolans annaler. Ann. Agric. Coll. Swed. 35: 935–987.Google Scholar
Hsiao, T. C. and Lächli, A. 1986. Role of potassium in plant-water relations. Pages 281–312 in Tinker, B. and Läuchli, A., eds. Advances in Plant Nutrition. Volume 2. New York: Praeger Scientific.Google Scholar
Ingestad, T. and MacDonald, A.J.S. 1989. Interaction between nitrogen and photon flux density in birch seedlings at steady-state nutrition. Physiol. Plant. 77: 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, W. A. and Volk, R. J. 1968. Role of potassium in photosynthesis and respiration. Pages 109–145 in The Role of Potassium in Agriculture. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Jensen, P. 1982. Effects of interrupted K+ supply on growth and uptake of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ in spring wheat. Physiol. Plant. 56: 259–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kafkafi, U. 1990. The functions of plant K in overcoming environmental stress situations. Pages 81–93 in Development of K-fertilizer Recommendations. Proceedings of the 22nd Colloquium of the International Potash Institute held at Soligorsk/USSR 1990. Bern, Switzerland: International Potash-Institute.Google Scholar
Keisling, T. C. 1980. Bermudagrass rhizome initiation and longevity under differing potassium nutritional levels. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 11: 629–635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleinkopf, G. E., Westermann, D. T., and Dwelle, R. B. 1981. Dry matter production and nitrogen utilization by six potato cultivars. Agron. J. 73: 799–802.Google Scholar
Lang, A. 1983. Turgor-regulated translocation. Plant Cell Environ. 6: 683–689.Google Scholar
Lawn, R. J. and Williams, J. H. 1987. Limits imposed by climatic factors. Pages 83–98 in Wallis, E. S. and Bythe, D. E., eds. Food Legume Improvement for Asian Farming System. Canberra, Australia: ACIAR.Google Scholar
Leigh, R. A. and Wyn Jones, R. G. 1984. A hypothesis relating critical potassium concentrations for growth to the distribution and functions of this ion in the plant cell. New Phytol. 97: 1–13.Google Scholar
Lundegårdh, B. 1997. Näringsförhållandets effekt på ogräsens förökning och utveckling. Rapp. SJFR (Swedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research) [In Swedish (some parts in English)]. pp. 1–11.Google Scholar
MacLeod, L. B. 1965. Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the yield, regrowth, and carbohydrate content of the storage organs of alfalfa and grasses. Agron. J. 57: 345–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press, pp. 184–200, 242–254, 299–312.Google Scholar
Marschner, H., Kirkby, E. A., and Cakmak, I. 1996. Effect of mineral nutritional status on shoot-root partitioning of photoassimilates and cycling of mineral nutrients. J. Exp. Bot. 47: 1255–1263.Google Scholar
Mengel, K. 1985. Experimental approaches of K+ efficiency in different crop species. Pages 67–76 in Munns, R., ed. Potassium in Agriculture. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Mengel, K. and Kirkby, E. A. 1987. Principles of Plant Nutrition. 4th ed. Berne-Worblaufen, Switzerland: International Institute, pp. 427–453.Google Scholar
Myerscough, P. J. and Whitehead, F. H. 1967. Comparative biology of Tussilago farfara L., Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Epilobium montanum L. and E. adenocaulon Hausskn. II. Growth and ecology. New Phytol. 66: 785–823.Google Scholar
Olff, H., van Andel, J., and Bakker, J. P. 1990. Biomass and shoot/root allocation of five species from a grassland succession series at different combinations of light and nutrient supply. Funct. Ecol. 4: 193–200.Google Scholar
O'Toole, J. C., Treharne, K., Turnispeed, M., Crookston, K., and Ozbun, J. 1980. Effect of potassium nutrition on leaf anatomy and net photosynthesis of Phaseolus vulgaris L. New Phytol. 84: 623–630.Google Scholar
Peoples, T. R. and Koch, D. W. 1979. Role of potassium in carbon dioxide assimilation in Medicago saliva L. Plant Physiol. 63: 878–881.Google Scholar
Pettersson, S. 1986. Growth, contents of K+ and kinetics of K+ (86Rb) uptake in barley cultured at different low supply rates of potassium. Physiol. Plant. 66: 122–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salisbury, F. B. and Ross, C. W. 1992. Plant Physiology. 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, pp. 254–256.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1988. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1028 p.Google Scholar
Talibudeen, O., Page, M. B., and Nair, P.K.R. 1976. The interaction of nitrogen and potassium nutrition on dry matter and nitrogen yields of the Graminae: spring wheat. J. Sci. Food Agric. 27: 1179–1189.Google Scholar
Thurston, J. M. 1971. Weed Studies. Broadbalk Weeds. Part 1. Rothamsted Experimental Station Rep. 1970. pp. 105–106.Google Scholar
Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M., and Webb, D. A., eds. 1964–1980. Flora Europaea. Volume 1. London: Cambridge University Press, p. 6.Google Scholar
Ulrich, A. K. and Hills, F. J. 1967. Principles and practices of plant analysis. Pages 11–24 in Hardy, G. W., ed. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. Part II. Plant Analysis. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
White, P. J. 1993. Relationship between the development and growth of rye (Secale cereale L.) and potassium concentration in solution. Ann. Bot. 72: 349–358.Google Scholar
Williams, E. D. 1979. Studies on the depth distribution and on the germination and growth of Equisetum arvense L. (field horsetail) from tubers. Weed Res. 19: 25–32.Google Scholar