Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T14:29:56.873Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factors Influencing the Phytotoxicity and Movement of Paraquat in Quackgrass

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

A. R. Putnam  and
S. K. Ries
A. R. Putnam
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
S. K. Ries
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) was defoliated for 25 to 30 days with applications of 1.0 lb/A of l,l′-dimethyl-4–4′-bipyridinium salt (paraquat). Applications were more effective made prior to darkness than at midday. Phytotoxicity was increased by adding surfactants in the field, and experiments utilizing 14C-paraquat under controlled environmental conditions indicated that the surfactant X-77 increased foliar absorption by 20%. Quackgrass plants grown in nutrient solutions exhibited chronic paraquat toxicity which increased as the nitrogen levels increased. Paraquat also inhibited the growth of lateral buds on quackgrass rhizome segments cultured in the dark. Greater movement of 14C-paraquat in quackgrass leaves occurred under 6 hr of light as compared to 6 hr of darkness following application. However, a 6-hr dark period after application prior to the light period further enhanced the movement from the treated leaf.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , January 1968 , pp. 80 - 83
Copyright
Copyright © 1968 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Baldwin, B. C. 1963. Translocation of diquat in plants. Nature 198(4883): 872–873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Boon, W. R. 1964. The chemistry and mode of action of the bipyridylium herbicides diquat and paraquat. Outl. Agr. 163–170.Google Scholar
3. Brian, R. C. 1966. The bipyridylium quarternary salts: The effect of atmospheric and soil humidity on the uptake and movement of diquat and paraquat in plants. Weed Res. 6:292–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Calderbank, A. 1964. Mode of action of the bipyridylium herbicides diquat and paraquat. Proc. BWCC 7:312–320.Google Scholar
5. Evans, R. A. and Eckert, E. R. 1965. Paraquat-surfactant combinations for control of downy brome. Weeds 13:150–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Jordon, L. S., Murashige, T., Mann, J. D., and Day, B. E. 1966. Effect of photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides on non-photo-synthetic tobacco callus tissue. Weeds 14:134–135.Google Scholar
7. Kent, T. W. 1964. Influence of previous environment upon response to paraquat. Weed Res. 4:357–358.Google Scholar
8. McIntyre, G. I. 1965. Some effects of the nitrogen supply on the growth and development of Agropyron repens (L.). Beauv. Weed Res. 5:1–12.Google Scholar
9. Merkle, M. G., Leinweber, C. L., and Bovey, R. W. 1965. The influence of light, oxygen and temperature on the herbicidal properties of paraquat. Plant Physiol. 40:832–835.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Putnam, A. R. and Ries, S. K. 1967. The synergistic action of herbicide combinations containing paraquat on Agropyron repens (L.). Beauv. Weed Res. 7:191–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Ries, S. K. 1956. The effect of fertilizer applications on quackgrass control with dalapon treatments before planting vegetables. Proc. NCWCC 13:60–61.Google Scholar
12. Slade, P. and Bell, E. G. 1966. The movement of paraquat in plants. Weed Res. 6:267–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar