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Estimates of physiological determinants for Amaranthus retroflexus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Stevan Z. Knezevic ,
Michael J. Horak  and
Richard L. Vanderlip
Michael J. Horak
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5501
Richard L. Vanderlip
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5501
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Extract

Redroot pigweed is a troublesome weed in the sorghum-growing regions of North America. In 1994 and 1995, field studies were conducted at two locations near Manhattan, KS, to determine the influence of redroot pigweed density and environmental conditions on physiological determinants of redroot pigweed growth: duration of plant growth, light interception, radiation-use efficiency, and dry matter partitioning. In addition, specific leaf area was determined. Redroot pigweed was seeded at monoculture densities of 2, 4, and 12 plants m−1 of row each year at each location. Duration of redroot pigweed growth was not influenced by plant density. Light interception was defined as a simple exponential function of leaf area index. Specific leaf area did not change over the season and averaged 135 cm2 g−1. Partitioning of redroot pigweed dry matter was not influenced by plant density or environmental conditions but did not change within vegetative and reproductive stages. Radiation-use efficiency was not influenced by redroot pigweed density; the most reliable estimate was 1.74 g dry matter MJ−1 of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation. Physiological determinants described were not affected by redroot pigweed density or environmental conditions and therefore provide a starting point for the development of a redroot pigweed growth module. The module could be coupled with available crop growth models (e.g., the sorghum growth model SORKAM) to simulate redroot pigweed–sorghum competition.

Keywords

Redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMAREsorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, ‘Pioneer 8500.’Integrated weed managementthresholdweed densityspecific leaf areaduration of plant growthlight interceptionradiation-use efficiencypartitioning coefficientleaf area index
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 3 , June 1999 , pp. 291 - 296
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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