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Emergence timing and control of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in spring wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kristin M. Hacault  and
Rene C. Van Acker
Kristin M. Hacault
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Abstract

In the northern region of the northern Great Plains of North America, the relative abundance of dandelion in field crops has increased over the past two decades, and farmers need information to help them to better manage this species and slow its spread. A study was conducted to determine the emergence timing of dandelion from both rootstock and seed, and to investigate the efficacy of preseeding (spring) versus postharvest (autumn) herbicide treatments on dandelion in spring wheat fields. Emergence of dandelion plants from rootstock was very early (mean time to 50% emergence [E50] of 430 growing degree days [GDD] Tbase 0 C), while seedling emergence was much later (mean E50 of 980 GDD). Dandelion does not have a persistent seed bank, and seedling emergence occurred only after dandelion plants arising from rootstock flowered and shed seed. Herbicide treatments that included glyphosate plus florasulam, glyphosate plus tribenuron, or higher rates of glyphosate alone (≥675 g ae ha−1), provided high levels of dandelion control. Autumn herbicide applications were more effective than spring applications for reducing dandelion infestation levels (both aboveground biomass and density). Autumn herbicide applications came after peak emergence timing for dandelion plants emerging both from rootstock and from seed. Because dandelion is a simple perennial, population spread must be limited by controlling seedlings. Autumn herbicide applications provide control of dandelion seedlings and therefore, should limit dandelion population spread.

Keywords

Glyphosateflorasulamtribenurondandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers, TAROFspring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. TRZAS ‘AC Barrie’Emergence perioddandelion floweringdandelion seedlingsdandelion rootstock
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 1 , February 2006 , pp. 172 - 181
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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