Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T02:53:18.319Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effects of Vernalization on Flowering in Ripgut Brome (Bromus diandrus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Jean A. Gleichsner
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331
Arnold P. Appleby
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331

Abstract

Ripgut brome has a quantitative response to vernalization in relation to flowering. In greenhouse studies, cold treatment (5 ± 2 C) of 2, 4, or 6 wk shortened the vegetative period, but longer exposure did not further decrease the time required to flower. Plants vernalized as imbibed seeds for 8 wk took 17 d to flower following transfer from cold treatment to the greenhouse. Unvernalized controls flowered 53 d after planting in the greenhouse. Greatest total seed dry weight and vegetative shoot dry weight were produced by unvernalized plants, whereas lengthening periods of vernalization from 2 to 8 wk decreased both parameters. The percent of total seed dry weight to total shoot dry weight was significantly greater for vernalized plants than unvernalized controls. In field studies, ripgut brome plants established in the fall flowered sooner after resumption of growth in the spring than those planted in the spring. Plants seeded after April failed to flower until the following spring.

Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1974. Effect of vernalization on flowering of the winter annual Alyssum alyssoides . Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101: 210213.Google Scholar
2. Bernier, G., Kinet, J. M., and Sachs, R. M. 1980. The Physiology of Flowering, Vol. 1. Initiation of Flowers. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 176 pp.Google Scholar
3. Chouard, P. 1960. Vernalization and its relations to dormancy. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 11: 191238.Google Scholar
4. Evans, L. T., ed. 1969. The Induction of Flowering: Some Case Histories. Cornell Univ. Press, New York. 488 pp.Google Scholar
5. Finnerty, D. W. and Klingman, D. L. 1962. Life cycles and control studies of some weed bromegrasses. Weeds. 10: 4047.Google Scholar
6. Fischer, B. B., Lange, A. H., and Crampton, B. 1983. Growers' weed identification handbook. Univ. Calif. Agric. Ext. Ser., Pub. 4030 WI 67.Google Scholar
7. Gill, G. S. and Carstairs, S. A. 1988. Morphological, cytological and ecological discrimination of Bromus rigidus from Bromus diandrus . Weed Res. 28: 399405.Google Scholar
8. Gleichsner, J. A. and Appleby, A. A. 1989. Effect of depth and duration of seed burial on ripgut brome (Bromus rigidus). Weed Sci. 37: 6872.Google Scholar
9. Hawkes, R. B., Whitson, T. D., and Dennis, L. J. 1985. Page 6 in A guide to selected weeds of Oregon. Oregon Dep. Agric., Oregon State Univ. Google Scholar
10. Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. (Revised by A. Chase, 1971.) Manual of the grasses of the United States. 2nd. ed. Dover Publications, Inc., New York. Pages 5253.Google Scholar
11. Hufstader, R. W. 1978. Growth rates and phenology of some southern California grassland species. J. Range Manage. 31: 465466.Google Scholar
12. Hulbert, L. C. 1955. Ecological studies of Bromus tectorum and other annual bromegrasses. Ecol. Monogr. 25: 181213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Hull, J. C. and Muller, C. H. 1976. Responses of California annual grassland species to variations in moisture and fertilization. J. Range Manage. 29: 4952.Google Scholar
14. Jain, S. K. 1982. Variation and adaptive role of seed dormancy in some annual grassland species. Bot. Gaz. 143: 101106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Lang, A. 1965. Physiology of flower initiation. in Ruhland, W., ed. Encycl. Plant Physiol. 15: 13801536.Google Scholar
16. Purvis, O. N. 1966. The physiology analysis of vernalization. in Ruhland, W., ed. Encycl. Plant Physiol. 16: 76122.Google Scholar
17. Trione, E. J. and Metzger, R. J. 1971. Wheat vernalization in cyclic temperature environments. Am. J. Bot. 58: 477.Google Scholar
18. Vince-Prue, D. 1975. Photoperiodism in Plants. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. Pages 262291.Google Scholar
19. Young, J. A., Evans, R. A., and Kay, B. L. 1973. Temperature requirements for seed germination in an annual-type rangeland community. Agron. J. 65: 656659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar