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Effects of Temperature and CO2 Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

David T. Patterson ,
Maxine T. Highsmith  and
Elizabeth P. Flint
David T. Patterson
Affiliation:
Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27006
Maxine T. Highsmith
Affiliation:
Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27006
Elizabeth P. Flint
Affiliation:
Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27006
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Abstract

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2 concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2 enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2 enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2 enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2 and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2 at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2 significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2 at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2 enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2 enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

Keywords

Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Coker 315’spurred anoda, Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht # ANVCRvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medic. # ABUTHCO2 enrichmentgrowth analysisABUTHANVCR
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 36 , Issue 6 , November 1988 , pp. 751 - 757
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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