Hostname: page-component-f554764f5-246sw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-10T11:23:10.228Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Water Stress on the Growth and Fecundity of Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Debalin Sarangi ,
Suat Irmak ,
John L. Lindquist ,
Stevan Z. Knezevic  and
Amit J. Jhala
Debalin Sarangi
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
Suat Irmak
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
John L. Lindquist
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
Stevan Z. Knezevic
Affiliation:
Northeast Research and Extension Center, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Concord, NE 68728
Amit J. Jhala*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Common waterhemp is one of the most commonly encountered and troublesome weeds in the midwestern United States. It is well known that water stress adversely affects crop growth and yield; however, the effects of water stress on weed growth and seed production are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of degree and duration of water stress on growth, development, and fecundity of two common waterhemp biotypes in greenhouse experiments conducted at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. No difference was observed in growth, development, and seed production between two biotypes in response to degree and duration of water stress; therefore, data were combined. The degree of water stress study included five treatments, where the amount of water applied to each pot at 2-d interval was equivalent to 100, 75, 50, 25, and 12.5% of pot (soil) water content. The highest plant height (163 cm), number of leaves (231 plant−1), and growth index (4.4 × 105 cm3) were recorded at 100% of pot water content (no water stress). Similarly, aboveground biomass, total leaf area, and seed production reached their maximum at 100% of pot water content treatment, whereas they were reduced as degree of water stress increased. The study of water stress duration included five treatments, where amount of water applied to each pot at 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-d intervals was equivalent to 100% of pot water content. The highest plant height (150 cm), number of leaves (210 plant−1), and growth index (3.8 × 105 cm3) were observed at 2-d interval of water stress, whereas seed production was similar at 2-d (36,549 seeds plant−1) and 4-d (34,176 seeds plant−1) intervals. This study shows that common waterhemp has capacity to survive and reproduce even under a higher degree and duration of water stress.

Keywords

Common waterhempAmaranthus rudis SauerAboveground biomassdegree of water stressduration of water stressgrowth indexseed production
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 42 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Martin M. Williams, II, USDA-ARS

References

Literature Cited

Aulakh, JS, Jhala, AJ (2015) Comparison of glufosinate-based herbicide programs for broad-spectrum weed control in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Weed Technol 29:419–430 Google Scholar
Begg, JE, Turner, NC (1976) Crop water deficits. Adv Agron 28:161–217 Google Scholar
Bengough, AG, McKenzie, BM, Hallett, PD, Valentine, TA (2011) Root elongation, water stress, and mechanical impedance: a review of limiting stresses and beneficial root tip traits. J Exp Bot 62:59–68 Google Scholar
Benjamin, JG, Nielsen, DC (2006) Water deficit effects on root distribution of soybean, field pea and chickpea. Field Crops Res 97:248–253 Google Scholar
Bernards, ML, Crespo, RJ, Kruger, GR, Gaussoin, R, Tranel, PJ (2012) A waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population resistant to 2,4-D. Weed Sci 60:379–384 Google Scholar
Chahal, PS, Jhala, AJ (2015) Herbicide programs for control of glyphosate-resistant volunteer corn in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Weed Technol 29:431–443 Google Scholar
Chahal, PS, Kruger, G, Blanco, H, Jhala, AJ (2014) Efficacy of pre-emergence and post-emergence soybean herbicides for control of glufosinate-, glyphosate-, and imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn. J Agric Sci 6:131–140 Google Scholar
Chauhan, BS (2013) Growth response of itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) to water stress. Weed Sci 61:98–103 Google Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2010) Growth and reproduction of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) in response to water-stress. Weed Sci 58:132–135 Google Scholar
Costea, M, Weaver, SE, Tardif, FJ (2005) The biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 3. Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea & Tardif. Can J Pl Sci 85:507–522 Google Scholar
Dhir, R, Harkess, RL (2011) Elevated air temperatures cause foliar bleaching of ivy geranium ‘Beach’ and ‘Butterfly’. HortScience 46:411–415 Google Scholar
Fenner, M (1991) The effects of the parent environment on seed germinability. Seed Sci Res 1:75–84 Google Scholar
Gallagher, RS, Cardina, J (1998) Phytochrome-mediated Amaranthus germination II: development of very low fluence sensitivity. Weed Sci 46:53–58 Google Scholar
Ganie, ZA, Stratman, G, Jhala, AJ (2015) Response of selected glyphosate-resistant broadleaved weeds to premix of fluthiacet-methyl and mesotrione (SolsticeTM) applied at two growth stages. Can J Plant Sci 95: 861–869 Google Scholar
Hager, AG, Wax, LM, Stoller, EW, Bollero, GA (2002) Common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) interference in soybean. Weed Sci 50:607–610 Google Scholar
Hartzler, RG, Buhler, DD, Stoltenberg, DE (1999) Emergence characteristics of four annual weed species. Weed Sci 47:578–584 Google Scholar
Hausman, NE, Singh, S, Tranel, PJ, Riechers, DE, Kaundun, SS, Polge, ND, Thomas, DA, Hager, AG (2011) Resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides in a population of waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) from Illinois, United States. Pest Manag Sci 67:258–261 Google Scholar
Heap, I (2015) The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Herbicide Resistant Tall Waterhemp Globally. http://weedscience.org/Summary/Species.aspx?WeedID=219. Accessed May 30, 2015Google Scholar
Horak, MJ, Loughin, TM (2000) Growth analysis of four Amaranthus species. Weed Sci 48:347–355 Google Scholar
Irmak, S, Haman, DZ, Bastug, R (2000) Determination of crop water stress index for irrigation timing and yield estimation of corn. Agron J 92:1221–1227 Google Scholar
Irmak, S, Haman, DZ, Irmak, A, Jones, JW, Campbell, KL, Crisman, TL (2004) Measurement and analysis of growth and stress parameters of Viburnum odoratissimum (Ker-gawl) grown in a multi-plot box system. HortScience 39:1445–1455 Google Scholar
Jhala, AJ (2015) Herbicide-resistant weeds. Pages 18–19 in Knezevic, SZ, Jhala, AJ, Klein, RN, Kruger, GR, Reicher, ZJ, Wilson, RG, Shea, PJ, Ogg, CL, eds. 2015 Guide for Weed Management in Nebraska with Insecticide and Fungicide Information. Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension Google Scholar
Kaur, S, Sandell, LD, Lindquist, JL, Jhala, AJ (2014) Glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) control in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Weed Technol 28:569–577 Google Scholar
Knezevic, SZ, Streibig, JC, Ritz, C (2007) Utilizing R software package for dose-response studies: the concept and data analysis. Weed Technol 21:840–848 Google Scholar
Kudsk, P, Kristensen, JL (1992) Effect of environmental factors on herbicide performance. Pages 173–186 in Proceedings of the First International Weed Control Congress. Melbourne, Australia Weed Science Society of Victoria Inc Google Scholar
Legleiter, TR, Bradley, KW (2008) Glyphosate and multiple herbicide resistance in common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) populations from Missouri. Weed Sci 56:582–587 Google Scholar
Liu, F, Stützel, H (2002a) Leaf expansion, stomatal conductance, and transpiration of vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) in response to soil drying. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 127:878–883 Google Scholar
Liu, F, Stützel, H (2002b) Leaf water relations of vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) in response to soil drying. Eur J Agron 16:137–150 Google Scholar
Liu, J, Davis, AS, Tranel, PJ (2012) Pollen biology and dispersal dynamics in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus). Weed Sci 60:416–422 Google Scholar
Long, SP (1999) Ecology of C4 photosynthesis-environmental responses. Pages 215–249 in Sage, RF and Monson, RK, eds. C4 Plant Biology. San Diego, CA Academic Press Google Scholar
Lovelli, S, Perniola, M, Ferrara, A, Amato, M, Tommaso, TD (2010) Photosynthetic response to water stress of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) in a Southern-Mediterranean area. Weed Sci 58:126–131 Google Scholar
Masle, J, Passioura, JB (1987) The effect of soil strength on the growth of young wheat plants. Aust J Plant Physiol 14:643–656 Google Scholar
Mayer, DG, Butler, DG (1993) Statistical validation. Ecol Model 68:21–32 Google Scholar
Moore, JE, Franklin, SB (2011) Understanding the relative roles of disturbance and species interactions in shaping Mississippi River island plant communities. Community Ecol 12:108–116 Google Scholar
Moran, PJ, Showler, AT (2005) Plant responses to water deficit and shade stresses in pigweed and their influence on feeding and oviposition by the beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environ Entomol 34:929–937 Google Scholar
Nordby, D, Hartzler, B, Bradley, K (2007) Biology and Management of Waterhemp. Purdue Extension. GWC-13. 3 pGoogle Scholar
Patterson, DT (1995) Effects of environmental stress on weed/crop interactions. Weed Sci 43:483–490 Google Scholar
Roman, ES, Murphy, SD, Swanton, CJ (2000) Simulation of Chenopodium album seedling emergence. Weed Sci 48:217–224 Google Scholar
Ruiter, HD, Meinen, E (1998) Influence of water stress and surfactant on the efficacy, absorption, and translocation of glyphosate. Weed Sci 46:289–296 Google Scholar
Sarangi, D, Sandell, LD, Knezevic, SZ, Aulakh, JS, Lindquist, JL, Irmak, S, Jhala, AJ (2015) Confirmation and control of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Nebraska. Weed Technol 29:82–92 Google Scholar
Shoup, DE, Al-Khatib, K, Peterson, DE (2003) Common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) resistance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicides. Weed Sci 51:145–150 Google Scholar
Spiess, AN, Neumeyer, N (2010) An evaluation of R2 as an inadequate measure for nonlinear models in pharmacological and biochemical research: a Monte Carlo approach. BMC Pharmacol 10:6 Google Scholar
Steadman, KJ, Ellery, AJ, Chapman, R, Moore, A, Turner, NC (2004) Maturation temperature and rainfall influence seed dormancy characteristics of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Aust J Agric Res 55:1047–1057 Google Scholar
Steckel, LE, Sprague, CL (2004) Common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) interference in corn. Weed Sci 52:359–364 Google Scholar
Steckel, LE, Sprague, CL, Hager, AG, Simmons, FW, Bollero, GA (2003) Effects of shading on common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) growth and development. Weed Sci 51:898–903 Google Scholar
Steckel, LE, Sprague, CL, Stoller, EW, Wax, LM, Simmons, FW (2007) Tillage, cropping system, and soil depth effects on common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) seed-bank persistence. Weed Sci 55:235–239 Google Scholar
Waselkov, KE, Olsen, KM (2014) Population genetics and origin of the native North American agricultural weed waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus; Amaranthaceae). Am J Bot 101:1726–1736 Google Scholar
Webster, TM, Grey, TL (2008) Growth and reproduction of Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in response to drought stress. Weed Sci 56:561–566 Google Scholar
Werle, R, Bernards, ML, Arkebauer, TJ, Lindquist, JL (2014a) Environmental triggers of winter annual weed emergence in the midwestern United States. Weed Sci 62:83–96 Google Scholar
Werle, R, Sandell, LD, Buhler, DD, Hartzler, RG, Lindquist, JL (2014b) Predicting emergence of 23 summer annual weed species. Weed Sci 62:267–279 Google Scholar
Werle, R, Schmidt, JJ, Laborde, J, Tran, A, Creech, CF, Lindquist, JL (2014c) Shattercane × ALS-tolerant sorghum F1 hybrid and shattercane interference in ALS-tolerant sorghum. J Agric Sci 6:159–165 Google Scholar
Wu, D, Qu, JJ, Hao, X, Xiong, J (2013) The 2012 agricultural drought assessment in Nebraska using MODIS satellite data. Pages 170–175 in Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. Fairfax, VA Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems Google Scholar
Young, IM, Montagu, K, Conroy, J, Bengough, AG (1997) Mechanical impedance of root growth directly reduces leaf elongation rates of cereals. New Phytol 135:613–619 Google Scholar