Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T21:23:28.329Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Effect of Surfactant and Environment on the Toxicity of Metriflufen to Soybeans (Glycine max) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

C. G. McWhorter*
Affiliation:
South. Weed. Sci. Lab., Agric. Res., Sci. Ed. Admin., U.S. Dep. Agric., Stoneville, MS 38776

Abstract

Metriflufen {2-[4-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} was applied as the methyl ester at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha over-the-top to johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] growing from rhizomes and to soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Lee 68′]. After herbicide treatment, plants were grown in the growth chamber for 14 days at 16, 24, or 32 C with relative humidity (RH) at 40 or 100% at each air temperature. Johnsongrass was not controlled at 16 C regardless of metriflufen rate, RH, or the addition of nonoxynol [α-(p-nonylphenyl)-ω-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)] (with 9.5 moles of polyoxyethylene) surfactant at 0.25 (g/100 ml) to spray solutions. Johnsongrass control at 24 C varied from 5 to 98%, with significantly better control at 100% than at 40% RH. The presence of surfactant increased johnsongrass control at 24 C and 40% RH but not at 24 C and 100% RH. Johnsongrass control at 32 C varied from 48 to 98%, and it was not increased by the presence of the surfactant, regardless of metriflufen rate or RH level. At 16 C metriflufen was more injurious to soybeans than to johnsongrass, but at 24 and 32 C johnsongrass control was significantly greater than soybean injury. The presence of surfactant in spray solutions generally did not increase soybean injury, regardless of temperature or RH level. These results suggest that metriflufen is most selective in controlling johnsongrass in soybeans at 24 C, especially under high RH.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1979 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Downs, J. P. and Rieck, C. E. 1978. The evaluation of HOE-29152 for selecting johnsongrass control. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 31:53.Google Scholar
2. McWhorter, C. G. 1963. Effects of surfactant concentration on johnsongrass control with dalapon. Weeds 11:8386.Google Scholar
3. McWhorter, C. G. 1963. Effects of surfactants on the herbicidal activity of foliar sprays of diuron. Weeds 11:265269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. McWhorter, C. G. and Jordan, T. N. 1976. Effects of adjuvants and environment on the toxicity of dalapon to johnsongrass. Weed Sci. 24:257260.Google Scholar
5. McWhorter, C. G. and Azlin, W. R. 1978. Effects of environment on the toxicity of glyphosate to johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and soybeans (Glycine max) . Weed Sci. 26:605608.Google Scholar
6. Nalewaja, J. D., Pudelko, J., and Addmezewski, K. A. 1975. Influence of climate and additives on bentazon. Weed Sci. 23:504507.Google Scholar
7. Prasad, R., Foy, C. L., and Crafts, A. S. 1967. Effect of relative humidity on absorption and translocation of foliarly applied dalapon. Weeds 149156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Rogers, N. and Oliver, L. R. 1978. Postemergence susceptiblity of Gramineae species to HOE-29152 (metriflufen). Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 31:52.Google Scholar
9. Ross, M. A. 1978. Johnsongrass as a problem in Indiana. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 31.213.Google Scholar
10. Smith, L. W., Foy, C. L., and Bayer, D. E. 1967. Herbicidal enhancement by certain new biodegradable surfactants. Weeds 15:8789.Google Scholar
11. Wills, G. D. 1976. Translocation of bentazon in soybeans and common cocklebur. Weed Sci. 24:536540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar