Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T20:02:44.677Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Nitrogen Application, Rice Planting Density, and Water Regime on the Morphological Plasticity and Biomass Partitioning of Chinese Sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Tahir Hussain Awan ,
Pompe C. Sta. Cruz ,
Sharif Ahmed  and
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Tahir Hussain Awan*
Affiliation:
Weed Science, Crop, and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of Philippines Los Baños
Pompe C. Sta. Cruz
Affiliation:
Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of Philippines Los Baños
Sharif Ahmed
Affiliation:
Weed Science, Crop, and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Affiliation:
Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Due to the looming water and labor crisis, farmers are adopting dry-seeded rice establishment, in which Chinese sprangletop is becoming a major weed. Concerns about the excessive use of herbicides in controlling Chinese sprangletop highlight the need for cultural weed management strategies. Such strategies require an adequate understanding of Chinese sprangletop response to rice plant density, nutrition, and water regime. Therefore, a greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effect of water regime (aerobic and saturated), nitrogen (N) fertilization (50 and 150 kg ha−1), and rice density (0, 160, and 640 plants m−2) on the growth and reproduction of Chinese sprangletop. Chinese sprangletop plants were taller than rice in aerobic conditions than in saturated conditions. All growth parameters (shoot, root, and inflorescence biomass and leaf area, leaf weight, and inflorescence weight ratio) of Chinese sprangletop were higher in aerobic conditions than in saturated conditions when grown without rice. However, no difference was observed for these parameters between water regimes when Chinese sprangletop was grown with rice. Chinese sprangletop growth and seed production was not affected, but rice growth was affected by N rates. Irrespective of N rate and water regime, Chinese sprangletop height (34 to 59%), tiller number (87 to 92%), leaf number (83 to 89%), shoot biomass (93 to 99%), and inflorescence biomass (95 to 99%) decreased as rice density increased from 0 to 640 plants m−2. The ability of Chinese sprangletop to grow taller and produce more plant biomass (107%) and inflorescence biomass (183%) under aerobic than saturated conditions suggests the need for integrated weed management strategies for controlling weeds under water-limited environments. Such strategies might include the use of weed-competitive and drought-tolerant rice cultivars, high seeding rates, and optimum rate of fertilizer application.

Keywords

Chinese sprangletop, Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees LEFCHrice, Oryza sativa L.Aerobiccultural weed managementdry-seeded ricephenotypic plasticityrice–Chinese sprangletop competitionsaturated soil
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 448 - 460
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ahmed, S, Salim, M, Chauhan, BS (2014) Effect of weed management and seed rate on crop growth under direct dry seeded rice systems in Bangladesh. PLOS ONE. 9:e101919. DOI:10.1371/journal.poneGoogle Scholar
Ampong-Nyarko, K, De Datta, SK (1993) Effects of nitrogen application on growth, nitrogen-use efficiency and rice–weed interaction. Weed Res. 33:269–276 Google Scholar
Awan, TH, Chauhan, BS, Sta. Cruz, PC (2014b) Physiological and morphological responses of Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. (wrinkled grass) to different nitrogen rates and rice seeding rates. PLoS ONE. 9:e98255. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0098255Google Scholar
Awan, TH, Sta Cruz, PC, Chauhan, BS (2014a) Ecological significance of rice (Oryza sativa) planting density and nitrogen rates in managing the growth and competitive ability of itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) in direct-seeded rice systems. J Pestic Sci. DOI:10.1007/s10340-014-0604-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azmi, M, Chin, DV, Vongsaroj, P, Johnson, DE (2005) Emerging issues in weed management of direct-seeded rice in Malaysia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Pages 196–198 in Toriyama, K, Heong, KL, Hardy, B, eds. Rice Is Life: Scientific Perspectives for the 21st Century. Los Baños, Philippines International Rice Research Institute and Tsukuba, Japan: Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Google Scholar
Barrion, AT, Litsinger, JA (1987) The bionomics, karyology and chemical control of the node-feeding black bug, Scotinophara latiuscula Breddin (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) in the Philippines. J Plant Prot Trop. 4:37–54 Google Scholar
Blackshaw, RE, Brandt, RN (2008) Nitrogen fertilizer rate effects on weed competitiveness is species dependent. Weed Sci. 56:743–747 Google Scholar
Blackshaw, RE, Brandt, RN, Janzen, HH, Grant, CA, Derksen, DA (2003) Differential response of weed species to added nitrogen. Weed Sci. 51:532–539 Google Scholar
Brown, RF, Mayer, DG (1988) Representing cumulative germination. The use of the Weibull function and other empirically derived curves. Annals Bot (Lond) 61:127–138 Google Scholar
Buhler, DD, Liebman, M, Obrycki, JJ (2002) Review: theoretical and practical challenges to an IPM approach to weed management. Weed Sci. 48:274–280 Google Scholar
Caton, BP, Foin, TC, Hill, JE (1997) Phenotypic plasticity of Ammannia spp. in competition with rice. Weed Res. 37:33–38 Google Scholar
Chauhan, BS (2013) Growth response of itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) to water stress. Weed Sci. 61:98–103 Google Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Abugho, SB (2013a) Effect of water stress on the growth and development of Amaranthus spinosus, Leptochloa chinensis, and rice. Am J Plant Sci. 4:989–998 Google Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Abugho, SB (2013b) Effects of water regime, nitrogen fertilization, and rice plant density on growth and reproduction of lowland weed Echinochloa crus-galli . Crop Prot. 54:142–147 Google Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2008) Germination ecology of Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis) in the Philippines. Weed Sci. 56:820–825 Google Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2010a) Response of rice flatsedge (Cyperus iria) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to rice interference. Weed Sci. 58:204–208 Google Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2010b) Growth and reproduction of junglerice (Echinochloa cholona) in response of water stress. Weed Sci. 58:132–135 Google Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Singh, VP, Kumar, A, Johnson, DE (2011) Relations of rice seeding rates to crop and weed growth in aerobic rice. Field Crops Res. 121:105–115 Google Scholar
Diop, AM, Moody, K (1984) Effect of seeding depth and flooding regime on germination and growth of Echinochloa glabrescens . Phil J Weed Sci. 11:65–69 Google Scholar
Draper, NR, Smith, H (1998) Applied Regression Analysis. 3rd edn. New York John Wiley and Sons. 736 pGoogle Scholar
Edwards, GE, Walker, DA (1983) Leaf anatomy of C3–C4 species. Pages 55–59 in Edwards, GE, Walker, DA, eds. C3,C4, Mechanisms, and Cellular and Environmental Regulation of Photosynthesis. Oxford, UK Blackwell Scientific Publications Google Scholar
Ehleringer, JR, Cerling, TE, Helliker, BR (1997) C4 photosynthesis, atmospheric CO2 and climate. Oecologia. 112:285–299 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, SP, Knezevic, SZ, Lindquist, JI, Shapiro, CA, Blankenship, EE (2003) Nitrogen application influences the critical period for weed control in corn. Weed Sci. 51:408–417 Google Scholar
Fuhrer, J (2003) Agroecosystem responses to combinations of elevated CO2, ozone, and global climate change. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 97:1–20 Google Scholar
Galinato, MI, Moody, K, Piggin, CM (1999) Upland Rice Weeds of South and Southeast Asia. Makati City, Philippines International Rice Research Institute. 156 pGoogle Scholar
GenStat 8.0 (2005) GenStat Release 8 Reference Manual. Oxford, UK VSN International. 343 pGoogle Scholar
Gibson, KD, Fischer, AJ (2001) Relative growth and photosynthetic response of water-seeded rice and Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch to shade. Int J Pest Manag. 47:305–309 Google Scholar
Gibson, KD, Fischer, AJ, Foin, TC (2001) Shading and the growth and photosynthetic responses of Ammannia coccinnea . Weed Res. 41:59–67 Google Scholar
Ho, N-K, Zuki, I (1988) Weed population changes from transplanted to direct seeded rice in the Muda area. Pages 55–67 in Proceedings of the National Seminar and Workshop on Rice Field Weed Management. Kedah, Malaysia MADA Google Scholar
Holm, LG, Plucknett, DL, Pancho, JV, Herberger, JP (1991) The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Malabar, FL University Press of Hawaii. 609 pGoogle Scholar
Janiya, JD, Moody, K (1991) Effect of water deficit on rice–weed competition under greenhouse conditions. J Plant Prot Trop. 8:25–35 Google Scholar
Johnson, DE, Mortimer, AM (2008) Issues for weed management in direct-seeded rice and the development of decision–support frameworks. Pages 223–228 in Singh, Y, Singh, VP, Chauhan, BS, Orr, A, Mortimer, AM, Johnson, DE, Hardy, B, eds. Direct Seeding of Rice and Weed Management in the Irrigated Rice–Wheat Cropping System of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Los Baños, Philippines International Rice Research Institute, and Pantnagar (India): Directorate of Experiment Station, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Google Scholar
Khan, Z, Abenes, M, Fernandez, N (1996) Suitability of gramineous weed species as host plants for rice leaffolders, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Marasmia patnalis . Crop Prot. 15:121–127 Google Scholar
Kumar, A, Verulkar, S, Dixit, S, Chauhan, BS, Bernier, J, Venuprasad, R, Zhao, D, Shrivastava, MN (2009) Yield and yield-attributing traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under lowland drought and suitability of early vigor as a selection criterion. Field Crops Res. 114:99–107 Google Scholar
Liebman, M, Janke, RJ (1990) Sustainable weed management practices. Pages 111–143 in Francis, CA, Flora, CB, King, LD, eds. Sustainable Agriculture in Temperate Zones. New York John Wiley and Sons Google Scholar
Mackill, AO, Bonman, JM (1986) New hosts of Pyricularia oryzae . Plant Dis. 70:125–127 Google Scholar
Mahajan, G, Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2009) Weed management comparison in aerobic in direct-seeded rice in the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains. J Crop Improv. 23:366–382 Google Scholar
Malik, KA, Zafar, Y, Bilal, R, Azam, E (1987) Biology and fertility of soils. Biol Fert Soils. 4:103–108 Google Scholar
Mannetje, LT (2014) FAO. Grassland species profiles. Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/gbase/data/pf000485.htm. Accessed March 24, 2014Google Scholar
Marambe, B (2002) Emerging weed problems in wet-seeded rice due to herbicide use in Sri Lanka. Page 430 in International Rice Congress, Beijing, China, 14–19 October 2002. [Abstract] Google Scholar
Marenco, RA, Reis, ACS (1998) Shading as an environmental factor affecting the growth of Ischaemum rugosum . Rev Bras Fisiol Veg. 10:107–112 Google Scholar
Mishra, JS, Kurchania, SP (2001) Nutrient concentration in mustard and associated weeds as influenced by nitrogen levels, planting geometry and weed control methods. Indian J Plant Physiol. 6:386–389 Google Scholar
Ozturk, M, Rehder, H, Zeigler, H (1981) Biomass production of C3 and C4 plants species in pure and mixed culture with different water supply. Oecologia. 50:73–81 Google Scholar
Pandey, S, Bhandari, H, Hardy, B (2007) Economic Costs of Drought and Rice Farmers' Coping Mechanisms: A Cross Country Comparative Analysis. Los Baños, Philippines International Rice Research Institute. 203 pGoogle Scholar
Patterson, DT (1995) Effects of environmental stress on weed/crop interactions. Weed Sci. 43:483–490 Google Scholar
Pornprom, T 1, Mahatamnuchoke, P, Usui, K (2006) The role of altered acetyl-CoA carboxylase in conferring resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees). Pest Manag Sci. 62:1109–1115 Google Scholar
Prusty, J, Behera, B, Mohanty, S (1992) Study on critical threshold limit of dominant weeds in medium land rice. Pages 13–15 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Weed Management for Sustainable Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India: Indian Society of Weed Science Google Scholar
Ritz, C, Streibig, JC (2008) Nonlinear regression with R. Page 304 in JC Nash, ed. Nonlinear Parameter Optimization Using R Tools. West Sussex, UK John Wiley & Sons Google Scholar
Schabenberger, O, Tharp, BE, Kells, JJ, Penner, D (1999) Statistical tests for hormesis and effective dosages in herbicide dose response. Agron J. 91:713–721 Google Scholar
Steadman, KJ, Ellery, AJ, Chapman, R, Moore, A, Turner, NC (2004) Maturation temperature and rainfall influence seed dormancy characteristics of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Aust J Agric Res. 55:1047–1057 Google Scholar
Steptoe, PJ, Vencill, WK, Grey, TL (2006) Influence of moisture stress on herbicidal control of an invasive weed, Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis). J Plant Dis Prot. 20:907–914 Google Scholar
Tuong, TP, Bouman, BAM (2003) Rice production in water-scarce environments. Pages 53–67 in Kijne, JW, Barker, R, Molden, D, eds. Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvements. Wallingford, UK CABI Publishing Google Scholar
Vourlitis, GL, Kroon, JL (2013) Growth and resource use of the invasive grass, pampasgrass (Cortaderia selloana) in response to nitrogen and water availability. Weed Sci. 61:117–125 Google Scholar
Webster, TM, Grey, TL (2008) Growth and reproduction of Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in response to drought stress. Weed Sci. 56:561–566 Google Scholar
Yin, X, Struik, PC (2008) Applying modeling experiences from the past to shape crop systems biology: the need to converge crop physiology and functional genomics. New Phytol. 179:629–642 Google Scholar
Zhao, DL, Bastiaans, L, Atlin, GN, Spiertz, JHJ (2007) Interaction of genotype × management on vegetative growth and weed suppression of aerobic rice. Field Crops Res. 100:327–340 Google Scholar