Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T01:10:42.230Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Documentation of landoltia (Landoltia punctata) resistance to diquat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

William T. Haller
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st St., Gainesville, FL 32653
Les Glasgow
Affiliation:
Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., P.O. Box 18300, Greensboro, NC 27419

Abstract

Landoltia was collected and cultured from a canal in Lake County, Florida, where diquat was used repeatedly during the past 20–30 yr for duckweed control. Recent applications of diquat failed to provide adequate control of duckweed, and a new commercial formulation of diquat was suspected. The new formulation was not the cause of reduced efficacy. Static exposures (48 h) to various concentrations of diquat were used to compare the susceptibility of the Lake County landoltia accession to one never exposed to diquat. These static tests indicated that landoltia, from a population with no prior history of herbicide treatment, was extremely susceptible to diquat. The accession from Lake County, FL had developed resistance to diquat, and was also cross resistant to paraquat. The resistance factor was 50 for diquat and 29 for paraquat. The Lake County accession also exhibited reduced ion leakage after diquat exposure under light and dark conditions. This suggests the resistance mechanism to the bipyridylium herbicides in landoltia is independent of photosynthetic electron transport. This research documents the first aquatic plant species that has developed resistance to the bipyridylium herbicides.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Arnon, D. I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris . Plant Physiol 24:115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blackburn, R. D. and Weldon, L. W. 1965. The sensitivity of duckweeds (Lemnaceae) and azolla to diquat and paraquat. Weeds 13:147149.Google Scholar
Calderbank, A. and Slade, P. 1976. Diquat and paraquat. Pages 501540 in Kearney, P. C. and Kaufman, D. D. eds. Herbicides Chemistry, Degradation, and Mode of Action. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Connard, A. J. and Criddle, W. J. 1975. A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of paraquat and diquat on pond and river waters by pyrolysis and gas chromatography. The Analysts 100:848853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heap, I. 2004. The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. www.weedscience.com.Google Scholar
Hiscox, J. D. and Israelstam, G. F. 1979. A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Can. J. Bot 57:13321334.Google Scholar
Langeland, K. A., Hill, O. N., Koschnick, T. J., and Haller, W. T. 2002. Evaluation of a new formulation of Reward landscape and aquatic herbicide for control of duckweed, waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and hydrilla. J. Aquat. Plant Manage 40:5153.Google Scholar
MacDonald, G. E., Shilling, D. G., and Bewick, T. A. 1993. Effects of endothall and other aquatic herbicides on chlorophyll fluorescence, respiration, and cellular integrity. J. Aquat. Plant Manage 31:5055.Google Scholar
O'Brien, M. C. and Prendeville, G. N. 1978. A rapid bioassay for determination of paraquat and diquat in water. Weed Res 18:301303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, H. G., Boutin, C., and Freemark, K. E. 1997. Toxicity of hexazinone and diquat to green algae, diatoms, cyanobacteria and duckweed. Aquat. Toxicol 39:111134.Google Scholar
Saeger, A. 1934. Spirodela oligorrhiza collected in Missouri. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 61:233236.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1999. SAS. Version 8.1. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
Suleiman, S. A. and Stevens, J. B. 1987. Bipyridylium herbicide toxicity: effects of paraquat and diquat on isolated rat hepatocytes. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol 7:7384.Google Scholar
Wang, W. 1990. Literature review on duckweed toxicity testing. Environ. Res 52:722.Google Scholar
Wong, R. C. and Stevens, J. B. 1986. Bipyridylium herbicide toxicity in vitro: comparative study of the cytotoxicity of paraquat and diquat toward the pulmonary alveolar macrophage. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 18:393407.Google Scholar