Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T19:31:49.053Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dissipation of Alachlor, Metolachlor, and Atrazine from Starch-Encapsulated Formulations in a Sandy Loam Soil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Douglas D. Buhler ,
William C. Koskinen ,
Marvin M. Schreiber  and
Jianying Gan
Douglas D. Buhler
Affiliation:
Nat. Soil Tilth Lab., U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011
William C. Koskinen
Affiliation:
Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Dep. Soil Sci., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Marvin M. Schreiber
Affiliation:
Insect and Weed Control Res. Unit, U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Dep. Bot., and Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
Jianying Gan
Affiliation:
Nat. Soil Tilth Lab., U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Research was conducted to determine the effect of starch encapsulation on soil dissipation and weed control with alachlor, metolachlor, and atrazine on an Estherville sandy loam in the field. Starch encapsulation increased persistence of alachlor in the surface 15 cm of soil compared to the emulsifiable concentrate formulation during the first 60 d after treatment More alachlor was detected 30 to 75 cm deep with emulsifiable concentrate than the starch-encapsulated formulation 30 d after treatment. Little alachlor was detected below 15 cm thereafter. Starch encapsulation also increased persistence of metolachlor in the surface 15 cm, but reduced concentrations at 15 to 30 cm compared to the emulsifiable concentrate 30 d after treatment. By 120 and 340 d after treatment, metolachlor concentrations at 15 to 30 cm were greater with starch-encapsulated than emulsifiable concentrate formulation. Starch encapsulation greatly increased atrazine persistence in the surface 15 cm compared to the dry flowable formulation. Although encapsulation increased atrazine concentration in the surface 15 cm, it reduced the concentration below 15 cm compared to the dry flowable formulation 30 and 60 d after treatment However, by 120 and 340 d after treatment, starch encapsulation often resulted in greater atrazine concentrations below 15 cm than the dry flowable formulation. Control of green foxtail and redroot pigweed with starch-encapsulated herbicides was similar or superior to the commercial formulations.

Keywords

Alachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamideatrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diaminemetolachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamidecorn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3790’green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. # SETVIredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMAREControlled releaseleachingweed controlAMARESETVI
Type
Weed Control and Herbicide Technology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , September 1994 , pp. 411 - 417
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Bahadir, M. and Pfister, G. 1990. Controlled release formulations of pesticides. Pages 1–64 in Haug, G. and Hoffmann, H., eds. Chemistry of Plant Protection. Vol. 6. Controlled Release, Biological Effects of Pesticides, Inhibition of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
2. Boydston, R. A. 1992. Controlled release starch granule formulations reduce herbicide leaching in soil columns. Weed Technol. 6:317–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Buhler, D. D. and Schreiber, M. M. 1992. Weed control in corn with starch encapsulated atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor. Abstr. Weed Soc. Am. Page 104.Google Scholar
4. Burgard, D. J., Koskinen, W. C., Dowdy, R. H., and Cheng, H. H. 1993. Metolachlor distribution in a sandy soil under irrigated potato production. Weed Sci. 41:648–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Carr, M. W., Wing, R. E., and Doane, W. M. 1991. Encapsulation of atrazine within a starch matrix by extrusion processing. Cereal Chem. 68:262–266.Google Scholar
6. Fleming, G. F., Wax, L. M., and Simmons, F. W. 1992. Leachability and efficacy of starch-encapsulated atrazine. Weed Technol. 6:297–302.Google Scholar
7. Fleming, G. F., Wax, L. M., Simmons, F. W., and Felsot, A. S. 1992. Movement of alachlor and metribuzin from controlled release formulations in a sandy soil. Weed Sci. 40:606–613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Gish, T. J., Schoppet, M. J., Helling, C. S., Shirmohammadi, A., Schreiber, M. M., and Wing, R. E. 1991. Transport comparison of technical grade and starch-encapsulated atrazine. Trans. ASAE 34:1738–1744.Google Scholar
9. Koskinen, W. C., Jarvis, L. J., Dowdy, R. H., Wyse, D. L., and Buhler, D. D. 1991. Automation of atrazine and alachlor extraction from soil using a laboratory robotic system. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:561–562.Google Scholar
10. Leistra, M. and Green, R. E. 1990. Efficacy of soil-applied pesticides. Pages 401–428 in Pesticides in the Soil Environment. Cheng, H. H., ed. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI.Google Scholar
11. Riggle, B. D. and Penner, D. 1988. Controlled release of three herbicides with the kraft lignin PC940C. Weed Sci. 36:131–136.Google Scholar
12. Schreiber, M. M., Shasha, B. S., Trimnell, D., and White, M. D. 1987. Controlled release herbicides. Pages 171–191 in Methods of Applying Herbicides. McWhorter, C. G. and Gebhardt, M. R., eds. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Monogr. 4, Champaign, IL.Google Scholar
13. Schreiber, M. M., Hickman, M. V., and Vail, G. D. 1993. Starch-encapsulated atrazine: efficacy and transport. J. Environ. Qual. 22:443–453.Google Scholar
14. Schreiber, M. M., Hickman, M. V., Vail, G. D., Bauman, T. T., Buhler, D. D., Harrison, S. K., Klein, R. N., Mortensen, D. A., Owen, M.D.K., and Wax, L. M. 1993. Three year summary of starch encapsulated herbicide efficacy in corn. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Page 20.Google Scholar
15. Sorenson, B. A., Wyse, D. L., Koskinen, W. C., Buhler, D. D., Lueschen, W. E., and Jorgenson, M. D. 1993. Formation and movement of 14C-atrazine degradation products in a sandy loam soil under field conditions. Weed Sci. 41:239–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Wienhold, B. J. and Gish, T. J. 1992. Effect of water potential, temperature, and soil microbial activity on release of starch encapsulated atrazine and alachlor. J. Environ. Qual. 21:382–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Wing, R. E., Maiti, S., and Doane, W. M. 1987. Effectiveness of jet-cooked pearl cornstarch as a controlled release matrix. Starch-Starke 39:422–425.Google Scholar
18. Wright, J. and Bergsrud, F. 1986. Irrigation scheduling: Checkbook method. Univ. Minnesota Ext. Bull. AG-FO-1322. 8 pp.Google Scholar