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Detection of Neighboring Weeds Alters Soybean Seedling Roots and Nodulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jessica Gal ,
Maha Afifi ,
Elizabeth Lee ,
Lewis Lukens  and
Clarence J. Swanton
Jessica Gal
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, NIG2W1, Canada
Maha Afifi
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, NIG2W1, Canada
Elizabeth Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, NIG2W1, Canada
Lewis Lukens
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, NIG2W1, Canada
Clarence J. Swanton*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, NIG2W1, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Crop and weed competition studies rarely determine how plant-to-plant interactions alter the structure and physiology of crop roots. Soybean has the ability to detect neighboring weeds and to alter growth patterns including the allocation of resources to root growth. In this study, we hypothesized that low red : far red light ratio (R : FR) reflected from aboveground vegetative tissue of neighboring weeds would alter soybean root morphology and reduce root biomass and nodule number. All experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in which resources of light, water, and nutrients were nonlimiting. Low R : FR reflected from aboveground neighboring weeds reduced soybean seedling root length, surface area, and volume, including the number of nodules per plant. An accumulation of H2O2, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a reduction in flavonoid content, and a decrease in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)–radicle scavenging activity were observed. The reduction in flavonoid content was accompanied by a decrease in the transcription of GmIFS and GmN93 and an increase in transcript levels of several antioxidant genes. These molecular and physiological changes may have a physiological cost to the soybean plant, which may limit the plant's ability to respond to subsequent abiotic and biotic stresses that will occur under field conditions.

Keywords

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]Antioxidantsflavonoid contentgene expressionhydrogen peroxidelight qualityplant competitionred : far red
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 63 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 888 - 900
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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