Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:13:46.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Competition, Growth Rate, and CO2 Fixation in Triazine-Susceptible and -Resistant Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

William H. Ahrens  and
E. W. Stoller
William H. Ahrens
Affiliation:
Agron. Dep., Univ. of Illinois
E. W. Stoller
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Agron. Dep., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Triazine-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) biotypes of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.) were grown in the field under competitive conditions at varying initial proportions of S and R plants. R plants were less competitive than S plants as measured by accumulation of total above-ground dry weight and seed dry weight. S and R plants were also grown in the field under non-competitive conditions at 100, 40, and 10% light. Growth rate at 10% light did not differ between S and R plants. At the two higher light intensities, dry-matter accumulation 11 weeks after seeding was about 40% less in the R plants. At 100% light, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were lower in the R plants by about 3.5 and 19%, respectively. The light- and CO2-saturated rates of CO2 fixation in intact leaves of glasshouse-grown R plants were 20% less than those in S plants. An apparent 10 and 20% greater number of chlorophyll molecules per photosystem II reaction center in R plants (as compared with S plants) grown in the field at 40 and 100% light, respectively, did not explain differences between the S and R biotypes in photo synthetic capacity. The S and R plants did not differ in specific leaf weight or chlorophyll content on a leaf-area basis. Lower growth rate of R plants may be responsible for inferior competitive ability of R biotypes and could be the result of an impaired photosynthetic capacity.

Keywords

Amaranthus hybridusrelative growth ratenet assimilation raterelative competitiveness
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , July 1983 , pp. 438 - 444
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Ahrens, W. H., Arntzen, C. J., and Stoller, E. W. 1981. Chlorophyll fluorescence assay for the determination of triazine resistance. Weed Sci. 29:316–322.Google Scholar
2. Barnes, D. K., Pearce, R. B., Carlson, G. E., Hart, R. H., and Hanson, C. H. 1969. Specific leaf weight differences in alfalfa associated with variety and plant age. Crop Sci. 9:421–423.Google Scholar
3. Briggs, G. E., Kidd, F., and West, C. 1920. A quantitative analysis of plant growth. Part I. Ann. Appl. Biol. 7:103–123.Google Scholar
4. Briggs, G. E., Kidd, F., and West, C. 1920. A quantitative analysis of plant growth. Part II. Ann. Appl. Biol. 7:202–223.Google Scholar
5. Brinkman, M. A. and Frey, K. J. 1978. Flag leaf physiological analysis of oat isolines that differ in grain yield from their recurrent parents. Crop Sci. 18:67–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Conard, S. G. and Radosevich, S. R. 1979. Ecological fitness of Senecio vulgaris and Amaranthus retroflexus biotypes susceptible or resistant to atrazine. J. Appl. Ecol. 16:171–177.Google Scholar
7. Cooper, C. S. and Qualls, M. 1967. Morphology and chlorophyll content of shade and sun leaves of two legumes. Crop Sci. 7:672–673.Google Scholar
8. Dornhoff, G. M. and Shibles, R. M. 1976. Leaf morphology and anatomy in relation to CO2 exchange rate of soybean leaves. Crop Sci. 16:377–381.Google Scholar
9. Dunstone, R. L., Gifford, R. M., and Evans, L. T. 1973. Photosynthetic characteristics of modern and primitive wheat species in relation to ontogeny and adaptation to light. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 26:295–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Gressel, J. and Segel, L. A. 1978. The paucity of plants evolving genetic resistance to herbicides: possible reasons and implications. J. Theor. Biol. 75:349–371.Google Scholar
11. Holt, J. S., Stemler, A. J., and Radosevich, S. R. 1981. Differential light responses of photosynthesis by triazine-resistant and triazine-susceptible Senecio vulgaris biotypes. Plant Physiol. 67:744–748.Google Scholar
12. Kuet, J., Ondok, J. P., Necas, J., and Jarvis, P. G. 1971. Methods of growth analysis. Pages 343–384 in Sestak, Z., Catsky, J., and Jarvis, P. G., eds., Plant Photosynthetic Production, Manual of Methods. Dr. W. Junk N.V. Publishers, The Hague.Google Scholar
13. LeBaron, H. M. and Gressel, J. 1982. Summary of accomplishments, conclusions, and future needs. Pages 349–362 in LeBaron, H. M. and Gressel, J., eds., Herbicide Resistance in Plants. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
14. Leopold, A. C. and Kriedemann, P. E. 1964. Plant Growth and Development, 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. 545.Google Scholar
15. MacKinney, G. 1941. Absorption of light by chlorophyll solutions. J. Biol. Chem. 140:315–322.Google Scholar
16. Marriage, P. B. and Warwick, S. I. 1980. Differential growth and response to atrazine between and within susceptible and resistant biotypes of Chenopodium album L. Weed Res. 20:9–15.Google Scholar
17. Martin, B. and Ort, D. R. 1982. Insensitivity of water-oxidation and photosystem II activity in tomato to chilling temperatures. Plant Physiol. 70:689–694.Google Scholar
18. Nobel, P. S. and Hartsock, T. L. 1981. Development of leaf thickness for Plectranthus parviflorus – influence of photosynthetically active radiation. Physiol. Plant. 51:163–166.Google Scholar
19. Pearce, R. B., Carlson, G. E., Barnes, D. K., Hart, R. H., and Hanson, C. H. 1969. Specific leaf weight and photosynthesis in alfalfa. Crop Sci. 9:423–426.Google Scholar
20. Pfister, K. and Arntzen, C. J. 1979. The mode of action of photosystem II-specific inhibitors in herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Z. Naturforsch. 34C:996–1009.Google Scholar
21. Plewa, M. J. 1978. Activation of chemicals into mutagens by green plants: a preliminary discussion. Environ. Health Perspect. 27:45–50.Google Scholar
22. Plewa, M. J. and Gentile, J. M. 1976. Mutagenicity of atrazine: a maize-microbe bioassay. Mutation Res. 38:287–292.Google Scholar
23. Plewa, M. J. and Wagner, E. D. 1981. Germinal cell mutagenesis in specially designed maize genotypes. Environ. Health Perspect. 37:61–73.Google Scholar
24. Stiehl, H. H. and Witt, H. T. 1969. Quantitative treatment of the function of plastoquinone in photosynthesis. Z. Naturforsch. 24B:1588–1598.Google Scholar
25. Warwick, S. I. 1980. Differential growth between and within triazine-resistant and triazine-susceptible biotypes of Senecio vulgaris L. Weed Res. 20:299–303.Google Scholar
26. Warwick, S. I. and Black, L. 1981. The relative competitiveness of atrazine susceptible and resistant populations of Chenopodium album and C. strictum . Can. J. Bot. 59:689–693.Google Scholar
27. Williams, R. F. 1946. The physiology of plant growth with special reference to the concept of net assimilation rate. Ann. Bot. N.S. 10:41–72.Google Scholar