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Changes in Weed Communities of Spring Wheat Crops of Buenos Aires Province of Argentina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Julio A. Scursoni ,
Ramón Gigón ,
Andrés N. Martín ,
Mario Vigna ,
Eduardo S. Leguizamón ,
Carolina Istilart  and
Ricardo López
Julio A. Scursoni*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453 (1417), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ramón Gigón
Affiliation:
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) CC Nro. 44–8187 Bordenave, Ruta Prov., 76 km, 36.5 (8187), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Andrés N. Martín
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453 (1417), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Mario Vigna
Affiliation:
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) CC Nro. 44–8187 Bordenave, Ruta Prov., 76 km, 36.5 (8187), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Eduardo S. Leguizamón
Affiliation:
Cátedra de Malezas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental. Villarino, CC 14 (2125) Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
Carolina Istilart
Affiliation:
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Barrow, (INTA), CC 50 B7500WAA Tres Arroyos Ruta 3 km 487 (7500), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ricardo López
Affiliation:
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) CC Nro. 44–8187 Bordenave, Ruta Prov., 76 km, 36.5 (8187), Buenos Aires, Argentina
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

During 2004 to 2008, weed surveys were conducted in 373 wheat fields of two different cropped areas (southwest [SW] and southeast [SE]) of the southern region of Buenos Aires Province of Argentina where different weed communities were expected because of changes in cropping practices over time, including tillage, crop sequence, fertilizers, and herbicides applied. Weed communities differed between regions, with greater numbers of native species for the SW. Weed community diversity was also greater for the SW region, probably due to the more diverse land use that resulted in greater landscape heterogeneity. Rush skeletonweed, sand rocket, yellow starthistle and turnipseed occurred at higher constancy (proportion of fields in which a given species is present) in the SW region, whereas common chickweed, false bishop's weed, corn speedwell, and common lambsquarters were present more frequently in the SE region. Compared with the 1982 survey, constancy of weeds increased, but those species with high constancy in 1982 were also with high constancy in the recent surveys. Diversity (species richness) was greater in conventional than in a no-tillage system. The constancy of Italian ryegrass, sand rocket, and yellow starthistle was lower under no-till than conventional tillage. Surveys allow identification of changes in weed community related to different agricultural systems. Rotation of crops and livestock avoid the homogenization of the environment at the landscape level. Management strategies will be necessary to prevent the increase of weeds populations' size, preserving plant diversity and the properties of the agroecosystem.

Keywords

Common chickweed, Stellaria media (L.) Vill. STEMEcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album (L.) CHEALcorn speedwell, Veronica arvensis L. VERARfalse bishop's weed, Ammi majus L. AMIMAItalian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. LOLMUrush skeletonweed, Chondrilla juncea L. CHOJUsand rocket, Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. DIPTEyellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. CENSOturnipweed, Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. RASRUwheat, Triticum aestivum LFloristic compositiontillage systems weed shiftsweed survey
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 62 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 51 - 62
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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