Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T01:03:37.805Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Carbon Balance, Transpiration, and Biomass Partitioning of Glyphosate-Treated Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Plants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Carlos J. Fernandez ,
Kevin J. McInnes  and
J. Tom Cothren
Carlos J. Fernandez
Affiliation:
Texas A&M Univ. Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., 1619 Garner Field Rd., Uvalde, TX 78801
Kevin J. McInnes
Affiliation:
Dep. Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843-2474
J. Tom Cothren
Affiliation:
Dep. Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843-2474
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Whole plant studies were conducted to examine the effects of glyphosate on components of carbon balance, transpiration, and biomass partitioning of wheat plants grown in Olton sandy clay loam soil and in a well-aerated fritted clay medium under controlled environmental conditions. Well-irrigated plants were transferred from a nursery room into a test chamber about 48 d after planting. Two to five days later, 12 to 42 ml of a glyphosate solution with a concentration of 480 mg ai L–1 were sprayed until full coverage of the foliage. Environmental conditions in the chamber were air temperature 25 C, dew point 18 C, windspeed 1.1 m s–1, and PPFD 1500 mmol m–2 s–1 (at the top of the foliage) for 12 h daily. Glyphosate treatment resulted in destruction of the root system, as determined at the end of the tests, and at the start of tests using companion plants. Plants grown in soil lost 0.53 kg kg–1 of the initial root mass, while this loss was 0.38 kg kg–1 in plants grown in fritted clay. Glyphosate treatment rapidly inhibited daily rates of gross carbon uptake and transpiration of wheat plants grown in both media. Effects occurred more than twice as rapidly in plants grown in soil as in fritted day. Similarity in the patterns of inhibition of gross carbon uptake and transpiration suggests that glyphosate may also affect leaf stomata. After applying glyphosate, daily rates of carbon loss increased for 3 d in soil-grown plants but remained almost constant for 10 d in plants grown in fritted clay; thereafter, the rates of carbon loss declined. The early increase or the constancy of carbon loss observed after applying glyphosate was related to catabolic processes occurring in roots.

Keywords

Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycinewheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘TAM 105.’Photosynthesisrespirationroot death
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , September 1994 , pp. 333 - 339
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Brecke, B. J. and Duke, W. B. 1980. Effect of glyphosate on intact bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and isolated cells. Plant Physiol. 66:656–659.Google Scholar
2. Cole, D. J. 1985. Mode of action of glyphosate—a literature analysis. Pages 48–74 in Grossbard, E. and Atkinson, D., eds. The Herbicide Glyphosate. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
3. Cole, D. J., Dodge, A. D., and Caseley, J. C. 1980. Some biochemical effects of glyphosate on plant meristems. J. Exp. Bot. 31:1665–1674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Davies, W. J., Metcalfe, J., Lodge, T. A., and da Costa, A. R. 1986. Plant growth substances and the regulation of growth under drought. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 13:105–125.Google Scholar
5. Fernández, C. J. 1977. Differences in carbon economy among five grain sorghum cultivars. M.S. Thesis, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX. 78 pp.Google Scholar
6. Franz, J. E. 1985. Discovery, development and chemistry of glyphosate. Pages 3–17 in Grossbard, E. and Atkinson, D., eds. The Herbicide Glyphosate. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
7. Keeling, W., Cegarra, E., and Abernathy, J. R. 1989. Evaluation of conservation, tillage, cropping systems for cotton in the Texas Southern High Plains. J. Prod Agric. 2:269–273.Google Scholar
8. Killmer, J., Widholm, J., and Slife, F. 1981. Reversal of glyphosate inhibition of carrot cell culture grown by glycolytic intermediates and organic and amino acids. Plant Physiol. 68:1299–1302.Google Scholar
9. McCree, K. J. 1970. An equation for the rate of respiration of white clover plants grown under controlled conditions. Pages 221–229 in Prediction and measurement of photosynthetíc productivity. Proc. IBP/PP Tech. Meeting, Trebon. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation (PUDOC), Wageningen.Google Scholar
10. McCree, K. J. 1974. Equations for the rate of dark respiration of white clover and grain sorghum, as functions of dry weight, photosynthetic rate, and temperature. Crop Sci. 14:509–514.Google Scholar
11. McCree, K. J. 1986. Measuring the whole-plant daily carbon balance. Photosynthetica 20:82–93.Google Scholar
12. McCree, K. J., Fernández, C. J., and Ferraz de Oliveira, R. 1990. Visualizing interactions of water stress responses with a whole-plant simulation model. Crop Sci. 30:294–300.Google Scholar
13. Richard, E. P. Jr., Goss, J. R., and Arntzen, C. J. 1979. Glyphosate does not inhibit photosynthetic electron transport and phosphorylation in pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts. Weed Sci. 27:684–688.Google Scholar
14. Shaner, D. L. 1978. Effects of glyphosate on transpiration. Weed Sci. 26:513–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Shaner, D. L. and Lyon, J. L. 1979. Stomatal cycling in Phaseolus vulgaris L. in response to glyphosate. Plant Sci. Lett. 15:83–87.Google Scholar
16. Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. 1967. Statistical Methods. The Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, IA. 593 pp.Google Scholar
17. Sprankle, P., Meggitt, W. F., and Penner, D. 1975. Absorption, action and translocation of glyphosate. Weed Sci. 23:235–240.Google Scholar
18. Thornley, J. H. M. 1976. Mathematical Models in Plant Physiology. Academic Press, New York. 318 pp.Google Scholar
19. Van Bavel, C. H. M., Lascano, R. J., and Wilson, D. R. 1978. Water relations of fritted clay. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42:657–659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar