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Behavior of Weed Seed in Soil Clods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Rinse Terpstra
Rinse Terpstra*
Affiliation:
Tillage Lab., Wageningen Agric. Univ., Diedenweg 20 6703 GW Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract

Clods of three sizes (1.5-, 3.3-, and 5.3-cm diameter) and two hardnesses [soft (0.3 MPa) and hard (2.2 MPa)] were made by incorporating seed from one of the five following weed species: corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas L. # PAPRH), shepherdspurse [Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. # CAPBP], smooth crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muehlenb. # DIGIS], common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L. # CHEAL), and Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. # CIRAR], listed by increasing seed size. Under conditions of this experiment, higher germination occurred with larger seed. The higher germination was connected with fewer dormant seed remaining in the clods. Germination significantly decreased (13%) in the larger soft and hard clods with the smaller seed sizes (less germination associated with more dormant seed remaining in the clod). Germination of the two larger seed decreased (23%) only in the larger soft clods but was less significant with both small seed. Non-emerged seedlings increased with larger clods and was most significant with the three large seed in the hard clods and absent with the three large seed in the soft ones. On the average, 70% of the germinated seed emerged. Differences in germination as well as in nonemerged seedlings caused decreased emergence on larger clods. Clod influence in germination and emergence was explained by the volumes of the clod layers involved, and in some comparable aspects corresponded with volumes (depths) of soil layers.

Keywords

Weed biology and ecologygerminationdormancyemergenceclod size and clod hardnesslightPapaver rhoeasCapsella bursa-pastorisDigitaria ischaemumChenopodium albumCirsium arvensePAPRHCAPBPDIGISCHEALCIRAR
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 34 , Issue 6 , November 1986 , pp. 889 - 895
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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