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Adjuvant enhancement of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) control with dithiopyr

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Steven J. Keeley ,
Bruce E. Branham  and
Donald Penner
Steven J. Keeley
Affiliation:
Horticulture Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Donald Penner
Affiliation:
Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
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Abstract

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of adjuvants on postemergence large crabgrass control with dithiopyr. Using barriers to isolate foliage or soil, the primary site of dithiopyr uptake was found to be via foliage. Laboratory and greenhouse studies elucidated the factors involved in enhancement of crabgrass control by dithiopyr with nine superior adjuvants. Two adjuvants increased dithiopyr absorption by 3.7 to 4.3% over the herbicide alone. However, none of the adjuvants increased dithiopyr translocation out of the treated leaf. Treatment of a single large crabgrass leaf indicated that enhancement of dithiopyr activity by adjuvants involved an effect on translocation, on spray retention, and on the external movement of the spray solution to the apical meristem, with the relative importance of any 1 factor depending on the particular adjuvant used. Because of the large losses of dithiopyr during absorption/translocation studies, a separate volatilization experiment determined that 70% of the applied dithiopyr volatilized within 24 h at 24 C. Dithiopyr absorption decreased and volatilization increased with each 10 C increase in temperature. Nonrecoverable dithiopyr ranged from 46 to 55% at 5 C to 92 to 95% at 35 C. Volatility losses of this magnitude may mitigate adjuvant enhancement of postemergence grass activity of dithiopyr.

Keywords

dithiopyr-S,S-dimethyl 2-(difluromethyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarbothioatechlorsulfuron, (2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide)large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSASite of uptakesurfactantsvolatilityDIGSA
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 2 , April 1997 , pp. 205 - 211
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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