Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T21:57:15.612Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Absorption and Translocation of Glyphosate, Metsulfuron, and Triclopyr in Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jeffrey T. Hutchinson ,
Kenneth A. Langeland ,
Gregory E. MacDonald  and
Robert Querns
Jeffrey T. Hutchinson*
Affiliation:
University of Florida, Agronomy Department, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, 7922 NW 71st St., Gainesville, Florida 32653
Kenneth A. Langeland
Affiliation:
University of Florida, Agronomy Department, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, 7922 NW 71st St., Gainesville, Florida 32653
Gregory E. MacDonald
Affiliation:
University of Florida, Agronomy Department, P.O. Box 110500, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0500
Robert Querns
Affiliation:
University of Florida, Agronomy Department, P.O. Box 110500, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0500
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Old World climbing fern is one of the most invasive plants in natural areas of central and southern Florida. The fern spreads across the landscape by wind-blown spores and invades isolated and undisturbed habitats such as interior portions of the Florida Everglades. Land managers in Florida have reported that multiple herbicide treatments are required to control the fern, which could indicate that herbicides do not translocate throughout the plant in long-established populations. We conducted a greenhouse study to determine the absorption and translocation patterns in Old World climbing fern using the three herbicides most commonly used for management of this plant by land managers in Florida. Using 14C-labeled herbicides, we evaluated absorption and translocation of glyphosate (2.25 kg ai ha−1), metsulfuron (0.10 kg ai ha−1), and triclopyr (1.68 kg ai ha−1) in Old World climbing fern using five different application scenarios (cut-and-spray, basal spray, 25% foliar spray, 50% foliar spray, and 100% foliar spray). Triclopyr was absorbed to the greatest extent (60.3%) of applied radioactive compounds compared to glyphosate (31.2%) and metsulfuron (19.8%). The majority of radioactivity remained in treated leaves for all herbicides with only small percentages of the absorbed radioactivity being detected in other plant parts. All three herbicides translocated acropetally and basipitally to some extent. Radioactivity, for the most part, translocated evenly throughout the plants but the greatest amount of radioactivity derived from triclopyr occurred in rhizomes when the cut-and-spray and basal applications were used. The radioactivity in rhizomes derived from glyphosate was greater in those treated using cut-and-spray. Based on autoradiographs, there was limited horizontal movement of any herbicide in the rhizomes of Old World climbing fern which could explain why resprouts are observed several weeks following treatment.

Keywords

GlyphosatemetsulfurontriclopyrOld World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. BrAbsorptiontranslocationinvasive fernsnatural areasFlorida
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 58 , Issue 2 , June 2010 , pp. 118 - 125
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Beckner, J. 1968. Lygodium microphyllum, another fern escaped in Florida. Amer. Fern J. 58:93.Google Scholar
Brandt, L. A. and Black, D. W. 2001. Impacts of the introduced fern, Lygodium microphyllum, on the native vegetation of tree islands in the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Fla. Sci. 64:191–196.Google Scholar
Chachalis, D. and Reddy, K. N. 2004. Pelargonic acid and rainfall effects on glyphosate activity in trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans). Weed Technol. 18:66–72.Google Scholar
De la Cretaz, A. L. and Kelty, M. J. 1999. Establishment and control of hay-scented fern: a native invasive species. Biol. Invasions. 1:223–236.Google Scholar
Fairbrother, A. and Kapustka, L. A. 2001. Low-dose, high-potency herbicides: a historical perspective of environmental concerns to frame the issues. Pages 1–17. In Ferenc, S. A. Impacts of Low-Dose, High-Potency Herbicides on Nontarget and Unintended Plant Species. Pensacola, FL SETAC.Google Scholar
Ferriter, A. and Pernas, T. 2006. An explosion in slow motion: tracking the spread of Lygodium microphyllum in Florida. Wildland Weeds. 9 (2):7–9.Google Scholar
Gardner, S. C. and Grue, C. E. 1996. Effects of Rodeo® and Garlon 3A® on nontarget wetland species in Central Washington. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:441–451.Google Scholar
Geiger, D. R. and Bestman, H. D. 1990. Self-limitation of herbicide mobility by phytotoxic action. Weed Sci. 38:324–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goolsby, J. A., Wright, A. D., and Pemberton, R. W. 2003. Exploratory surveys in Australia and Asia for natural enemies of Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum: Lygodiaceae. Biol. Control. 28:33–46.Google Scholar
Henry, J. A., Portier, K. M., and Coyne, J. 1994. The Climate and Weather of Florida. Sarasota, FL Pineapple. 279.Google Scholar
Hofstra, D. E., Champion, P. D., and Dugdale, T. M. 2006. Herbicide trials for the control of parrotsfeather. J. Aquat. Plant Manag. 44:13–18.Google Scholar
Hoss, N. E., Al-Khatib, K., Peterson, D. E., and Loughin, T. M. 2003. Efficacy of glyphosate, glufosinate, and imazethapyr on selected weed species. Weed Sci. 51:110–117.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, J., Ferriter, A., Serbesoff-King, K., Langeland, K., and Rodgers, L. 2006. Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum) Management Plan for Florida. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL. http://www.fleppc.org. Accessed: December 10, 2008.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, J. T. and Langeland, K. A. 2006. Survey of control measures on Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) in southern Florida. Fla. Sci. 69:217–223.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, J. T. and Langeland, K. A. 2008. Control of Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) with increased rates of glyphosate and metsulfuron methyl under greenhouse conditions. Fla. Sci. 71:201–207.Google Scholar
Kalnay, P. A. and Glenn, S. 2000. Translocation of nicosulfuron and dicamba in hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum). Weed Technol. 14:476–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, A. A. 1981. Effect of leaf position and plant age on the translocation of 14C-assimilates in onion. J. Agric. Sci. 96:451–455.Google Scholar
Kirkwood, R. C., Hetherington, R., Reynolds, T. L., and Marshall, G. 2000. Absorption, localization, translocation, and activity of glyphosate in barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L) Beauv.]: influence of herbicide and surfactant concentration. Pestic. Manag. Sci. 56:359–367.Google Scholar
Koger, C. H. and Reddy, K. N. 2005. Glyphosate efficacy, absorption, and translocation in pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunose). Weed Sci. 53:277–283.Google Scholar
Kohler, E. A., Throssell, C. S., and Reicher, Z. J. 2004. 2,4-D rate response, absorption, and translocation of two ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) populations. Weed Technol. 18:917–923.Google Scholar
Kurumatani, M., Yagi, K., Murata, T., Tezuka, M., Mander, L. N., Nishiyama, M., and Yamane, H. 2001. Isolation and identification of antheridiogens in the ferns, Lygodium microphyllum and Lygodium reticulatum . Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 65:2311–2314.Google Scholar
Langeland, K. A., Cherry, H. M., McCormick, C. M., and Craddock Burks, K. A. 2008. Identification and Biology of Nonnative Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. Gainesville, FL IFAS Communication Services, University of Florida. 193.Google Scholar
Langeland, K. A. and Link, M. L. 2006. Evaluation of metsulfuron methyl for selective control of Lygodium microphyllum growing in association with Panicum hemitomon and Cladium jamaicense . Fla. Sci. 69:149–156.Google Scholar
LeDuc, M. G., Pakeman, R. J., and Marrs, R. H. 2003. Changes in the rhizome system of bracken subjected to long-term experimental treatment. J. Appl. Ecol. 40:508–522.Google Scholar
LeDuc, M. G., Pakeman, R. J., Putwain, P. D., and Marrs, R. H. 2000. The variable responses of bracken fronds to control treatments in Great Britain. Ann. Bot. (London) 85 (Suppl. B):17–29.Google Scholar
Lott, M. S., Volin, J. C., Pemberton, R. W., and Austin, D. A. 2003. The reproductive biology of the invasive ferns Lygodium microphyllum and L. japonicum (Schizaeaceae): implications for invasive potential. Am. J. Bot. 90:1144–1152.Google Scholar
Main, C. L., Beeler, J. E., Robinson, D. K., and Mueller, T. C. 2006. Growth, reproduction, and management of Chinese yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia). Weed Technol. 20:773–777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIntyre, G. I. 1962. Preliminary studies on the translocation of 14C-labelled herbicides in bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). Weed Res. 2:51–59.Google Scholar
Mueller, R. J. 1982. Shoot morphology of the climbing fern Lygodium (Schizaeaceae): general organography, leaf initiation, and branching. Bot. Gaz. 143:319–330.Google Scholar
Nauman, C. E. and Austin, D. F. 1978. Spread of the exotic fern Lygodium microphyllum in Florida. Am. Fern J. 68:65–66.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K., Burgos, N. R., and Oliver, L. R. 2001. Differences in weed tolerance to glyphosate involve different mechanisms. Weed Technol. 15:725–731.Google Scholar
Pakeman, R. J., LeDuc, M. G., and Marrs, R. H. 2000. Bracken distribution in Great Britain: strategies for its control and the sustainable management of marginal lands. Ann. Bot. (London) 85 (Suppl. B):37–46.Google Scholar
Pemberton, R. W. and Ferriter, A. P. 1998. Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum), a dangerous invasive weed in Florida. Am. Fern J. 88:165–175.Google Scholar
Reddy, K. N. 2000. Factors affecting toxicity, absorption, and translocation of glyphosate in redvine (Brunnichia ovata). Weed Technol. 14:457–462.Google Scholar
Roberts, R. E., Woodbury, R. O., and Popenoe, J. 2006. Vascular plants of Jonathan Dickinson State Park. Fla. Sci. 69:288–327.Google Scholar
Stocker, R. K., Ferriter, A., Thayer, D., Rock, M., and Smith, S. 1997. Old World climbing fern hitting south Florida below the belt. Wildland Weeds. 1:6–10.Google Scholar
Stocker, R. K., Miller, R. E. Jr., Black, D. W., Ferriter, A. P., and Thayer, D. D. 2008. Using fire and herbicide to control Lygodium microphyllum and effects on a pine flatwoods plant community in south Florida. Nat. Areas J. 28:144–145.Google Scholar
Thomas, B. Jr. and Brandt, L. A. 2003. Monitoring ground treatments of Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) on the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee NWR. Wildland Weeds. 6:9–11.Google Scholar
Unland, D. R., Al-Khatib, K., and Peterson, D. E. 1999. Interactions between imazamox and diphenylethers. Weed Sci. 47:462–466.Google Scholar
Veerasekaran, P., Kirkwood, R. C., and Fletcher, W. W. 1977. Studies on the mode of action of asulam in bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) I. Absorption and translocation of (14C) asulam. Weed Res. 17:33–39.Google Scholar
Volin, J. C., Lott, M. S., Muss, J. D., and Owens, D. 2004. Predicting rapid invasion of the Florida Everglades by Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum). Divers. Distrib. 10:439–446.Google Scholar
Walker, E. R. and Oliver, L. R. 2008. Translocation and absorption of glyphosate in flowering sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia). Weed Sci. 56:338–343.Google Scholar
Williams, R. D. 1964. Assimilation and translocation in perennial grasses. Ann. Bot. 28:419–426.Google Scholar
Wilson, K. A. 2002. Continued pteridophyte invasion of Hawaii. Am. Fern J. 92:179–183.Google Scholar
Wolf, S. 1993. Effect of leaf age on photosynthesis, carbon transport and carbon allocation in potato plants. Potato Res. 36:253–262.Google Scholar