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Weed control and root maggots: making canola pest management strategies compatible

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lloyd M. Dosdall ,
George W. Clayton ,
K. Neil Harker ,
John T. O'Donovan  and
F. Craig Stevenson
George W. Clayton
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada T4L 1W1
K. Neil Harker
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada T4L 1W1
John T. O'Donovan
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Research Farm, P.O. Box 29, Beaverlodge, AB, Canada T0H 0C0
F. Craig Stevenson
Affiliation:
142 Rogers Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 3T6
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Abstract

Early weed removal in canola gives the crop a competitive advantage over weeds and is therefore widely recommended for optimal crop production, but no studies have been undertaken previously to determine the effect of this practice on insect infestations. Four field experiments were conducted at Lacombe and Beaverlodge, AB, Canada, in 1999–2001 for a total of 10 site-years to determine the effect of time of weed removal on root maggot (Delia spp.) egg deposition and larval damage to taproots. The experiments also investigated the effects of other factors such as cultivar, seeding date, herbicide application rate, fertilizer rate and placement, and use of a nitrification inhibitor on root maggot damage and oviposition. Damage to taproots and oviposition declined by approximately 6 and 23%, respectively, with a delay in weed removal from the two- to six-leaf stage of canola development. The effect of time of weed removal on root maggot damage and egg density sometimes varied with site and cultivar, but the main effect of time of weed removal was more prominent (smaller P values) than interactions with site. The most plausible explanation for this effect relates to the behavioral sequence of events that precedes oviposition in mated, gravid female flies. Heterogeneous environments, such as weedy backgrounds in canola plantings, minimize opportunities for females of Delia spp. to complete the behavioral sequence required for oviposition, leading to reduced infestation levels in weedy systems. However, yield improvements achieved with early weed removal exceeded the yield benefit derived by lowered root maggot pressure when weeds were removed later. Nevertheless, current efforts to reduce pesticide use in agriculture may promote broader adoption of cultural control strategies for weed and root maggot management. In some situations, it may then be appropriate to ameliorate root maggot damage by maintaining some weedy background.

Keywords

Glufosinateglyphosateimazamoximazethapyrcanola, Brassica napus L. ‘45A71’, ‘Exceed’, ‘InVigor 2153’, ‘InVigor 2663’, ‘LG3295’Cabbage maggotDelia radicum Lturnip maggotDelia floralis Fallénintegrated pest managementoilseed rape
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 4 , August 2003 , pp. 576 - 585
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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