Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T17:12:15.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weed Communities in Strip-Tillage Corn/No-Tillage Soybean Rotation and Chisel-Plow Corn Systems after 10 Years of Variable Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 September 2018

Nathaniel M. Drewitz  and
David E. Stoltenberg
Nathaniel M. Drewitz
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
David E. Stoltenberg*
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
*
*Author for correspondence: David E. Stoltenberg, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Previous research has shown that strip-tillage (ST) systems conserve soil, reduce production costs, and save time for growers compared with intensive-tillage systems. In contrast to these well-documented benefits, we have limited information on weed community dynamics and management risks in ST corn (Zea mays L.) production systems in the northern Corn Belt. Therefore, we conducted research in 2015 and 2016 to characterize weed community composition, emergence patterns, and aboveground productivity in an ST corn/no-tillage (NT) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation that was established in 2007 compared with a long-term intensive-tillage chisel-plow (CP) continuous-corn system. Fifteen or more weed species were identified in nontreated quadrats in each cropping system in each year. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) was the most abundant weed species across systems and years. Chenopodium album densities were similar between CP and ST corn phases and were approximately 2-fold greater compared with the NT soybean phase. Other abundant weed species occurred at much lower densities than C. album. In each year, cumulative emergence of nontreated weed communities was described best by a logistic function in each cropping system. Maximum weed community emergence was greater in CP corn than ST corn phases in 2015, but did not differ in 2016. In the ST corn phase, most (about 75%) weed community emergence occurred in the in-row (tilled) zone compared with the between-row (nondisturbed) zone. Total late-season weed shoot biomass did not differ between nontreated CP and ST corn phases in either year, with C. album accounting for >85% of total weed biomass in these phases. These results suggest that weed community composition, total emergence, and productivity were similar between CP and ST corn phases after 10 yr. Our findings, coupled with previous research that showed favorable agronomic performance and greater soil conservation associated with the long-term ST corn/NT soybean system, suggest that production risks are no greater than a CP corn system, while processes that underpin ecosystem services are enhanced. These results provide strong evidence to support grower adoption of ST practices as an alternative to intensive tillage.

Keywords

J. Anita Dille, Kansas State UniversityEmergence patternssuppressionweed community composition.
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 66 , Issue 5 , September 2018 , pp. 651 - 661
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baldock, JO, Hedtcke, JL, Posner, JL, Hall, JA (2014) Organic and conventional production systems in the Wisconsin Integration Cropping Systems Trial: III. Yield trends. Agron J 106:1509–1522 Google Scholar
Brainard, DC, Noyes, DC (2012) Strip tillage and compost influence carrot quality, yield and net returns. HortScience 47:1073–1079 Google Scholar
Brainard, DC, Peachey, RE, Haramoto, ER, Luna, JM, Rangarajan, A (2013) Weed ecology and nonchemical management under strip-tillage: implications for northern U.S. vegetable cropping systems. Weed Technol 27:218–230 Google Scholar
Buhler, DD (1995) Influence of tillage systems on weed population dynamics and management in corn and soybean in the central USA. Crop Sci 35:1247–1258 Google Scholar
Buhler, DD, Daniel, TC (1988) Influence of tillage systems on giant foxtail, Setaria faberi, and velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti, density and control in corn, Zea mays . Weed Sci 36:642–647 Google Scholar
Buhler, DD, Mester, TC, Kohler, KA (1996) The effect of maize residues and tillage on emergence of Setaria faberi, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Chenopodium album . Weed Res 36:153–165 Google Scholar
Buhler, DD, Stoltenberg, DE, Becker, RL, Gunsolus, JL (1994) Perennial weed populations after 14 years of variable tillage and cropping practices. Weed Sci 42:205–209 Google Scholar
Cardina, J, Herms, CP, Doohan, DJ (2002) Crop rotation and tillage system effects on weed seedbanks. Weed Sci 50:448–460 Google Scholar
Cardina, J, Regnier, E, Harrison, K (1991) Long-term tillage effects on seed banks in three Ohio soils. Weed Sci 39:186–194 Google Scholar
Clarke, KR (1993) Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust J Ecol 18:117–143 Google Scholar
Drewitz, MR (2017) Long-term effects of cropping system diversification and perennialization on weed community composition and suppression. M.S. thesis. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin–Madison. 115 pGoogle Scholar
Fernández, FG, Sorenson, BA, Villamil, MB (2015) A comparison of soil properties after five years of no-till and strip-till. Agron J 107:1339–1346 Google Scholar
Fernández, FG, White, C (2012) No-till and strip-till corn production with broadcast and subsurface-band phosphorus and potassium. Agron J 104:996–1005 Google Scholar
Haramoto, ER, Brainard, DC (2012) Strip tillage and oat cover crops affect soil moisture and N mineralization patterns in cabbage. HortScience 47:1596–1602 Google Scholar
Haramoto, ER, Brainard, DC (2017) Spatial and temporal variability in Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) emergence under strip tillage with cover crop residue. Weed Sci 65:151–163 Google Scholar
Hedtcke, J, Posner, J, Tautges, N (2012) Soil Erosion, Soil Conditioning Index, Soil Tillage Intensity Rating, and Fall Soil Nitrates Summary. University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison: Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial (WICST) 13th Technical Report. Pp 111–123Google Scholar
Hendrix, BJ, Young, BG, Chong, S-K (2004) Weed management in strip-tillage corn. Agron J 96:229–235 Google Scholar
Jeschke, MR (2007) Weed community responses to cropping system factors in glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean. Ph.D dissertation. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin–Madison. 310 pGoogle Scholar
Kenkel, NC, Derksen, DA, Thomas, AG, Watson, PR (2002) Multivariate analysis in weed science research. Weed Sci 50:281–292 Google Scholar
Laboski, CAM, Peters, JB (2012) Nutrient Application Guidelines for Field, Vegetable, and Fruit Crops in Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Extension A2908. Pp, 46–50 Google Scholar
Lauer, J (2016) Strip-tillage: How does it affect yield in Wisconsin? Wisconsin Crop Manager Newsletter. http://ipcm.wisc.edu/blog/2016/05/strip-tillage-how-does-it-affect-yield-in-wisconsin/. Accessed: May 13, 2016Google Scholar
Légère, A, Stevenson, FC, Ziadi, N (2008) Contrasting responses of weed communities and crops to 12 years of tillage and fertilization treatments. Weed Technol 22:309–317 Google Scholar
Ludwig, JA, Reynolds, JF (1988) Statistical Ecology: A Primer on Methods and Computing. New York: Wiley. 337 pGoogle Scholar
Mulugeta, D, Stoltenberg, DE (1997a) Increased weed emergence and seed bank depletion by soil disturbance in a no-tillage system. Weed Sci 45:234–241 Google Scholar
Mulugeta, D, Stoltenberg, DE (1997b) Weed and seed bank management with integrated methods as influenced by tillage. Weed Sci 45:706–715 Google Scholar
Mulugeta, D, Stoltenberg, DE, Boerboom, CM (2001) Weed species–area relationships as influenced by tillage. Weed Sci 49:217–223 Google Scholar
Murphy, SD, Clements, DR, Belaoussoff, S, Kevan, PG, Swanton, CJ (2006) Promotion of weed species diversity and reduction of weed seedbanks with conservation tillage and crop rotation. Weed Sci 54:69–77 Google Scholar
Oksanen, J, Blanchet, FG, Friendly, M, Kindt, R, Legendre, P, McGlinn, D, Minchin, PR, O’Hara, RB, Simpson, GL, Solymos, P, Stevens, MHH, Szoecs, E, Wagner, H (2017) Vegan: Community Ecology Package. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan. Accessed: May 13, 2017Google Scholar
Posner, JL, Casler, MD, Baldock, JO (1995) The Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial: combining agroecology with production agronomy. Am J Alt Agric 10:98–107 Google Scholar
Swanton, CJ, Booth, BD, Chandler, K, Clements, DR, Shrestha, A (2006) Management in a modified no-tillage corn-soybean-wheat rotation influences weed population and community dynamic. Weed Sci 54:47–58 Google Scholar
[WICST] Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial Project (2017) Home page. https://wicst.wisc.edu. Accessed: May 13, 2017Google Scholar
Wolkowski, R, Cox, T, Leverich, J (2009) Strip-Tillage: A Conservation Option for Wisconsin Farmers. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension A3883. 6 pGoogle Scholar