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Virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor on Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Gordon E. Riddle ,
Lee L. Burpee  and
Gregory J. Boland
Gordon E. Riddle
Affiliation:
Dep. Environ. Biol. and the Guelph Turfgrass Inst., Univ. Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Lee L. Burpee
Affiliation:
Dep. Environ. Biol. and the Guelph Turfgrass Inst., Univ. Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
Gregory J. Boland
Affiliation:
Dep. Environ. Biol. and the Guelph Turfgrass Inst., Univ. Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Abstract

Sixty isolates of the plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and six isolates of Sclerotinia minor Jagger were evaluated in a controlled environment for virulence on leaves excised from 8-week-old dandelion plants. Significant negative correlations were obtained between the relative virulence of the isolates and the dry weights of dandelion plants inoculated in a controlled environment; and positive correlations were detected between the relative virulence of isolates and reduction in number of dandelion plants in turfgrass swards infested with inoculum of the isolates. In August 1988, an 80.7% reduction in the number of dandelion plants was detected in a turfgrass sward treated in 1987 with four applications of heat-killed seed of perennial ryegrass (100 g m−2 application–1) infested with isolate R30 of S. sclerotiorum, followed by six applications at the same rate in 1988. Populations of dandelions in untreated swards increased by 22.2% during the same period. Heat-killed seed of perennial ryegrass (100 g m−2) infested with isolate R30 applied simultaneously with dandelion seed (25 g m−2) onto a sward of Kentucky bluegrass reduced the establishment of dandelion seedlings by 85.5%. Necrosis or discoloration did not develop on Kentucky bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, annual bluegrass, or quackgrass treated with inoculum of Sclerotinia. Sclerotia of Sclerotinia spp. were found, on occasion, in crowns but not on the foliage of diseased dandelions.

Keywords

Dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers # TAROFKentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L. ‘Ram 1’ # POAPRcreeping bentgrass, Agrostis palustris Huds. # AGSPLannual bluegrass, Poa annua L. # POAANquackgrass, Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. # AGREEBiological controlmycoherbicidePoa pratensisAgrostis palustrisP. annuaAgropyron repensTAROFPOAPRAGSPLPOAANAGREE
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 39 , Issue 1 , March 1991 , pp. 109 - 118
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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