Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T21:23:21.191Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Spatial Distribution Patterns of Weed Communities in Corn Fields of Central Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Carolina San Martín ,
Dionisio Andújar ,
Cesar Fernández-Quintanilla  and
José Dorado
Carolina San Martín*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Protection, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115 B, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Dionisio Andújar
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Protection, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115 B, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Cesar Fernández-Quintanilla
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Protection, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115 B, 28006 Madrid, Spain
José Dorado
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Protection, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115 B, 28006 Madrid, Spain
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The overall objective of this study was to identify common patterns in the spatial distribution of the major weed species present in the corn-growing region of central Spain, exploring the scale dependence of these patterns and the possible associations or dissociations between individual species. Weed density was assessed in 16 commercial fields using digital images acquired in a 9-m by 9-m sampling grid. A set of six species was found in all the fields: black nightshade, common cocklebur, fierce thornapple, johnsongrass, purple nutsedge, and velvetleaf. Spatial analysis by distance indices and inverse distance weighting interpolation methods were performed to create weed distribution maps. The results showed aggregated spatial distribution patterns for all individual species regardless their life cycle, annual or perennial. Some associations and dissociations among species were found in the analysis of interactions. Nevertheless, the spatial patterns of co-occurrence of weed species were field-specific and therefore cannot be considered general patterns of weed co-occurrence. In order to explore the scale dependence of these results, an additional study was conducted in an experimental field located in the same area using a 1.0-m by 0.75-m sampling grid. Although this resolution allowed for a better definition of the positions of the weed patches and weed-free gaps, the results obtained revealed similar patterns to those observed with a coarser sampling resolution.

Keywords

Black nightshade, Solanum nigrum L. SOLNIcommon cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. XANSTfierce thornapple, Datura ferox L. DATFEjohnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. SORHApurple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. CYPROvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medik. ABUTHcorn, Zea mays L.Aggregation indexessite-specific weed managementspecies association/dissociation
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 63 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 936 - 945
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: J. Anita Dille, Kansas State University.

References

Literature Cited

Abdul-Wahab, AS, Rice, EL (1967) Plant inhibition by johnson grass and its possible significance in old-field succession. Bull Torrey Bot Club 94:486–497 Google Scholar
Aligner, A, Petit, S (2012) Factors shaping the spatial variation of weed communities across a landscape mosaic. Weed Res 52:402–410 Google Scholar
Andújar, D, Barroso, J, Fernández-Quintanilla, C, Dorado, J (2012) Spatial and temporal dynamics of Sorghum halepense patches in maize crops. Weed Res 52:411–420 Google Scholar
Andújar, D, Ruiz, D, Ribeiro, A, Fernández-Quintanilla, C, Dorado, J (2011) Spatial distribution patterns of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in commercial corn fields in Spain. Weed Sci 59:82–89 Google Scholar
Ballaré, CL, Scopel, AL, Ghersa, CM (1987) The demography of Datura ferox (L.) in soybean crops. Weed Res 27:91–102 Google Scholar
Barroso, J, Andújar, D, San Martín, C, Fernández-Quintanilla, Dorado, J (2012) Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) seed dispersal in corn crops under Mediterranean conditions. Weed Sci 60:34–41 Google Scholar
Barroso, J, Fernández-Quintanilla, C, Maxwell, BD, Rew, LJ (2004) Simulating the effects of weed spatial pattern and resolution of mapping and spraying on economics of site-specific management. Weed Res 44:460–468 Google Scholar
Berge, TW, Fyske, H, Aastveit, AH (2007) Patch spraying of weeds in spring cereals: simulated influences of threshold level and spraying resolution on spraying errors and potential herbicide reduction. Acta Agric Scand B-S P 57:212–221 Google Scholar
Borgy, B, Gaba, S, Petit, S, Reboud, X (2012) Non-random distribution of weed species abundance in arable fields. Weed Res 52:383–389 Google Scholar
Calha, IM, Sousa, E, Gonzalez-Andujar, JL (2014) Infestation maps and spatial stability of main weed species in maize culture. Planta Daninha 32:275–282 Google Scholar
Cardina, J, Johnson, GA, Sparrow, DH (1997) The nature and consequence of weed spatial distribution. Weed Sci 45:364–373 Google Scholar
Cardina, J, Sparrow, DH, McCoy, EL (1995) Analysis of spatial distribution of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in no-till soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci 43:258–268 Google Scholar
Colbach, N, Forcella, F, Johnson, GA (2000) Spatial and temporal stability of weed populations over five years. Weed Sci 48:366–370 Google Scholar
Cousens, RD, Brown, RW, McBratney, AB, Whelan, B, Moerkerk, M (2002) Sampling strategy is important for producing weed maps: a case study using kriging. Weed Sci 50:542–546 Google Scholar
Cousens, R, Wallinga, J, Shaw, M (2004) Are the spatial patterns of weeds scale-invariant? Oikos 107:251–264 Google Scholar
Dieleman, JA, Mortensen, DA (1999) Characterizing the spatial pattern of Abutilon theophrasti seedlings patches. Weed Res 39:455–467 Google Scholar
Dorado, J, Sousa, E, Calha, IM, González-Andújar, JL, Fernández-Quintanilla, C (2009) Predicting weed emergence in maize crops under two contrasting climatic conditions. Weed Res. 49:251–260 Google Scholar
Fried, G, Petit, S, Reboud, X (2010) A specialist–generalist classification of the arable flora and its response to changes in agricultural practices. BMC Ecol 10:20 Google Scholar
Gutjahr, C, Sökefeld, M, Gerhards, R (2012) Evaluation of two patch spraying systems in winter wheat and maize. Weed Res 52:510–519 Google Scholar
Heijting, S, Kruijer, W, Stein, A, Van der Werf, W (2007) Testing the spatial significance of weed patterns in arable land using Mead's test. Weed Res 47:396–405 Google Scholar
Holt, JS (1995) Plant response to light: a potential tool for weed management. Weed Sci 43:474–482 Google Scholar
Johnson, GA, Mortensen, DA, Gotway, CA (1996) Spatial and temporal analysis of weed seedling populations using geostatistics. Weed Sci 44:704–710 Google Scholar
Kazinczi, G, Beres, I, Narwal, SS (2001) Allelopathic plants. 3. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.). Allelopathy J 8:179–188 Google Scholar
Li, B, Madden, LV, Xu, X (2012) Spatial analysis by distance indices: an alternative local clustering index for studying spatial patterns. Methods Ecol Evol 3:368–377 Google Scholar
Maestre, FT, Cortina, J (2002) Spatial patterns of surface soil properties and vegetation in a Mediterranean semi-arid steppe. Plant Soil 241:279–291 Google Scholar
Maestre, FT, Cortina, J, Bautista, S, Bellot, J, Vallejo, R (2003) Small-scale environmental heterogeneity and spatiotemporal dynamics of seedling establishment in a semiarid degraded ecosystem. Ecosystems 6:630–643 Google Scholar
Mitskas, MB, Eleftherohorinos, IG, Damalas, CA (2003) Interference between corn and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) from seed or rhizomes. Weed Sci 51:540–545 Google Scholar
Mortensen, DA, Johnson, GA, Young, LJ (1993) Weed distribution in agricultural fields. Pages 113–123 in Robert, PC, Rust, RH, Larson, WE, eds. Soil Specific Crop Management. Madison, WI ASA, CSSA, SSSA Google Scholar
Oveisi, M, Yousefi, AR, Gonzalez-Andujar, JL (2010) Spatial distribution and temporal stability of crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk) in faba bean (Vicia faba L.): a long-term study at two localities. Crop Prot 29:717–720 Google Scholar
Patterson, DT (1982) Shading responses of purple and yellow nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus esculentus). Weed Sci 30:25–30 Google Scholar
Perry, JN (1998) Measures of spatial pattern for counts. Ecology 79:1008–1017 Google Scholar
Perry, JN, Dixon, PM (2002) A new method to measure spatial association for ecological count data. Ecoscience 9:133–141 Google Scholar
Perry, JN, Liebhold, AM, Rosenberg, MS, Dungan, J, Miriti, M, Jakomulska, A, Citron-Pousty, S (2002) Illustrations and guidelines for selecting statistical methods for quantifying spatial pattern in ecological data. Ecography 25:578–600 Google Scholar
Perry, JN, Winder, L, Holland, JM, Alston, RD (1999) Red–blue plots for detecting clusters in count data. Ecol Lett 2:106–113 Google Scholar
Petit, S, Fried, G (2012) Patterns of weed co-occurrence at the field and landscape level. J Veg Sci 23:1137–1147 Google Scholar
Pollnac, FW, Rew, LJ, Maxwell, BD, Menalled, FD (2008) Spatial patterns, species richness and cover in weed communities of organic and conventional no-tillage spring wheat systems. Weed Res 48:398–407 Google Scholar
Quero, JL (2006) SADIE como herramienta de cuantificación de la heterogeneidad espacial: casos prácticos en el Parque Nacional de Sierra Nevada (Granada, España). Ecosistemas 15:40–47 Google Scholar
Rew, LJ, Miller, PCH, Paice, MER (1997) The importance of mapping resolution for sprayer control. Asp Appl Biol 48:49–56 Google Scholar
Roham, R, Pirdashti, H, Yaghubi, M, Nematzadeh, G (2014) Spatial distribution of nutsedge (Cyperus spp. L.) seed bank in rice growth cycle using geostatistics. Crop Prot 55:133–141 Google Scholar
Vazin, F, Hassanzadeh, M, Madani, A, Nassiri-Mahallati, M, Nasri, M (2010) Modeling light interception and distribution in mixed canopy of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) in competition with corn. Planta Danhina 28:455–462 Google Scholar
Wallinga, J, Kropff, MJ, Rew, L (2002) Patterns of spread of annual weeds. Basic Appl Ecol 3:31–38 Google Scholar
Weaver, SE, Lechowicz, MJ (1982) The biology of Canadian weeds. 56. Xanthium strumarium L. Can J Plant Sci 63:211–225 Google Scholar
Weiher, E, Keddy, PA (1999) Assembly rules as general constraints on community composition. Pages 251–271 in Weiher, E, Keddy, PA, eds. Ecological Assembly Rules: Perspectives, Advances, Retreats. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press Google Scholar
Winder, L, Alexander, CJ, Holland, JM, Woolley, C, Perry, JN (2001) Modelling the dynamic spatio-temporal response of predators to transient prey patches in the field. Ecol Lett 4:568–576 Google Scholar
Xu, X, Madden, LV (2003) Considerations for the use of SADIE statistics to quantify spatial patterns. Ecography 26:821–830 Google Scholar
Zanin, G, Berti, A, Riello, L (1998) Incorporation of weed spatial variability into the weed control decision-making process. Weed Res 38:107–118 Google Scholar