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Seed production and retention at maturity of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) and silky windgrass (Apera spica-venti) at wheat harvest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 January 2020

Zahra Bitarafan Open the ORCID record for Zahra Bitarafan [Opens in a new window]  and
Christian Andreasen Open the ORCID record for Christian Andreasen [Opens in a new window]
Zahra Bitarafan
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2630Taastrup, Denmark
Christian Andreasen*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2630Taastrup, Denmark
*
Author for correspondence: Christian Andreasen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630Taastrup, Denmark. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) and silky windgrass [Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv.] are becoming a significant problem in Europe. Due to the development of herbicide-resistant biotypes and unwanted side effects of herbicides, there is a need for new integrated weed management strategies to control weeds. Therefore, reducing weed infestations by targeting seed production during crop harvest should be considered. In 2017 and 2018, we estimated the fraction of the total seed production of A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti in a field that potentially could be collected by a grain harvester during winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Twenty plants of each species were surrounded by a porous net before flowering to trap shed seeds during reproductive development. Seeds were collected and counted weekly up until and immediately before wheat harvest, and the ratio of harvestable seeds to shed seeds during the growing season was determined. Alopecurus myosuroides produced on average 953 seeds plant−1 in 2017 and 3,337 seeds plant−1 in 2018. In 2017 and 2018, 29% and 37% of the total A. myosuroides seeds produced, respectively, were retained on plants at maturity. Apera spica-venti produced on average 1,192 seeds plant−1 in 2017 and 5,678 seeds plant−1 in 2018, and retained 53% and 16% of the seeds at harvest, respectively. If a grain harvester potentially collected approximately 30% of the total seed production of the two grass weeds and removed or killed them, it would reduce seed input to the soil seedbank. However, such methods cannot stand alone to reduce weed pressure.

Keywords

Autumn-sown cropgrass weedsseed-shedding patternsoil seedbankweed seed productionweed management
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , March 2020 , pp. 151 - 156
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Prashant Jha, Iowa State University

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