Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T01:18:33.132Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed Germination Ecology of Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Grace E-K. Bolfrey-Arku ,
Bhagirath S. Chauhan  and
David E. Johnson
Grace E-K. Bolfrey-Arku
Affiliation:
CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Ghana
Bhagirath S. Chauhan*
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
David E. Johnson
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Itchgrass is a weed of many crops throughout the tropics and one of the most important grass weeds of rainfed rice. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and screenhouse to determine the effects of light, alternating day/night temperatures, high temperature pretreatment, water stress, seed burial depth, and rice residue on seed germination and seedling emergence of itchgrass in the Philippines. Two populations were evaluated and the results were consistent for both populations. Germination in the light/dark regime was greater at alternating day/night temperatures of 25/15 C than at 35/25, 30/20, or 20/10 C. Light was not a requirement for germination, but a light/dark regime increased germination by 96%, across temperature and population. A 5-min high temperature pretreatment for 50% inhibition of maximum itchgrass germination ranged from 145 to 151 C with no germination when seeds were exposed to ≥ 180 C. The osmotic potential required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination was −0.6 MPa for itchgrass, although some seeds germinated at −0.8 MPa. Seedling emergence was greatest for seeds placed on the soil surface, and emergence declined with increasing soil burial depth; no seedlings emerged from seeds buried at 10 cm. The addition of rice residue to soil surface in pots at rates equivalent to 4 to 6 Mg ha−1 reduced itchgrass seedling emergence. Since seedling emergence was greatest at shallow depths and germination was stimulated by light, itchgrass may become a problem in systems where soil is cultivated at shallow depths. Knowledge gained in this study could contribute to developing components of integrated weed management strategies for itchgrass.

Keywords

Itchgrass, Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton ROTCOrice, Oryza sativa LLightseed germinationtemperatureosmotic potentialcrop residueburial depth
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 182 - 187
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Agati, J. and Calica, C. 1949. The leaf-gall disease of rice and corn in the Philippines. Philippine J. Agric. 14:31–38.Google Scholar
Ampong-Nyarko, K. and De Datta, S. K. 1991. A Handbook for Weed Control in Rice. Manila, Philippines International Rice Research Institute. 113 p.Google Scholar
Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego, CA Academic. 666 p.Google Scholar
Baskin, C. C., Thompson, K., and Baskin, J. M. 2006. Mistakes in germination ecology and how to avoid them. Seed Sci. Res. 16:165–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1988. Role of temperature in regulating the timing of germination in Portulaca oleracea . Can. J. Bot. 66:563–567.Google Scholar
Bebawi, F. F. and Campbell, S. D. 2002. Effects of fire on germination and viability of bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) seeds. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 42:1063–1069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benvenuti, S. 1995. Soil light penetration and dormancy of jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) seeds. Weed Sci. 43:389–393.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S. 2003. Soil texture involvement in germination and emergence of buried weed seeds. Agron. J. 95:191–198.Google Scholar
Bolfrey-Arku, G. E-K., Onokpise, O. U., Carson, A. G., Shilling, D. G., and Coultas, C. C. 2006. The speargrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) menace in Ghana: incidence, farmer perceptions and control practices in the forest and forest-Savanna transition agro-ecological zones of Ghana. West Afr. J. Appl. Ecol. 10:177–188.Google Scholar
Bridgemohan, P., Brathwaite, R. A. I., and McDavid, C. R. 1991. Seed survival and patterns of seedling emergence studies of Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton in cultivated soils. Weed Res. 31:265–272.Google Scholar
Bridgemohan, P. and McDavid, C. R. 1993. A model of the competitive relationships between Rottboellia cochinchinensis and Zea mays . Ann. Appl. Biol. 123:649–656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burke, I. C., Thomas, W. E., Spears, J. F., and Wilcut, J. W. 2003. Influence of environmental factors on after-ripened crowfootgrass (Dactyloctenium aegyptium) seed germination. Weed Sci. 51:342–347.Google Scholar
Calvo, G., Merayo, A., and Rojas, C. E. 1996. Diagnóstico de la problemática de la caminadora (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) en dos zonas productoras de maiz de la provincia de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Manejo Integrado de Plagas. 41:50–52.Google Scholar
Casini, P., Vecchio, V., and Tamantini, I. 1998. Allelopathic interference of itchgrass and cogongrass on germination and early development of rice. Trop. Agric. 75:445–451.Google Scholar
Caton, B. P., Mortimer, M., and Hill, J. E. 2004. A practical field guide to weeds of rice in Asia. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines International Rice Research Institute. 116 p.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S., Gill, G., and Preston, C. 2006. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Weed Sci. 54:1004–1012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2008a. Germination ecology of goosegrass (Eluesine indica): an important grass weed of rainfed rice. Weed Sci. 56:699–706.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2008b. Germination ecology of southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris) and India crabgrass (Digitaria longiflora): two important weeds of rice in tropics. Weed Sci. 56:722–728.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2009a. Influence of tillage systems on weed seedling emergence pattern in rainfed rice. Soil Till. Res. 106:15–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2009b. Seed germination ecology of junglerice (Echinochloa colona): a major weed of rice. Weed Sci. 57:235–240.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2009c. Seed germination ecology of Portulaca oleracea: an important weed of rice and upland crops. Ann. Appl. Biol. 155:61–69.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2010. The role of seed ecology in improving weed management strategies in the tropics. Adv. Agron. 105:221–262.Google Scholar
Das, V., Vats, S., and Rama-Das, V. 1993. A Himalayan Monsoon location exhibiting unusually high preponderance of C4 grasses. Photosynthetica. 28:91–97.Google Scholar
Dyer, W. E. 1995. Exploiting weed seed dormancy and germination requirements through agronomic practices. Weed Sci. 43:498–503.Google Scholar
Egley, G. H. 1986. Stimulation of weed seed germination in soil. Rev. Weed Sci. 2:67–89.Google Scholar
Fujisaka, S., Escobar, G., and Veneklaas, E. J. 2000. Weedy fields and forests: interactions between land use and the composition of plant communities in the Peruvian Amazon. Agric. Ecosyt. Environ. 78:175–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, R. K., Ladha, J. K., Singh, S., et al. 2006. Production Technology for Direct Seeded Rice. New Delhi, India Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Rice-Wheat Consortium Technical Bulletin 8.16 p.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1991. The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Malabar, FL The University Press of Hawaii. 609 p.Google Scholar
[IRRI] International Rice Research Institute. 2007. CROPSTAT for Windows, version 7.2. Los Baños, Philippines IRRI.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. E. and Kent, R. J. 2002. The impact of cropping on weed species composition in rice after fallow across a hydrological gradient in West Africa. Weed Res. 42:89–99.Google Scholar
Michel, B. E. 1983. Evaluation of the water potentials of solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 both in the absence and presence of other solutes. Plant Physiol. 72:66–70.Google Scholar
Mulligan, G. A. and Bailey, L. G. 1975. The Biology of Canadian weeds. 8. Sinapis arvensis L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 55:171–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orr, D. M., Paton, C. J., and Lisle, A. T. 1997. Using fire to manage species composition in Heteropogon contortus pastures. 1. Burning regimes. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 48:795–802.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roder, W., Phengchanh, S., and Keoboulapha, R. 1997. Weeds in slash-and-burn rice fields in northern Laos. Weed Res. 37:111–119.Google Scholar
Sanchez, P. A. 1976. Soil management in shifting cultivation areas. Pages 346–412 in Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics. Raleigh, NC J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Schwerzel, P. 1970. Weed seed production study. Pests Articles and News Summaries. 16:357.Google Scholar
Silva, C. E. B., Parreira, M. C., Alves, P. L. C. A., and Pavani, M. C. M. D. 2009. Aspectos germinativos de capim-camaote (Rottboellia cochinchinensis). Planta daninha. 27:273–281.Google Scholar
Strahan, R. E., Griffin, J. L., Jordan, D. L., and Miller, D. K. 2000. Interference between Rottboellia cochinchinensis and Zea mays . Weed Sci. 48:205–211.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 1993. Light transmittance, soil temperature, and soil moisture under residue of hairy vetch and rye. Agron. J. 85:673–680.Google Scholar
Thomas, P. E. L. and Allison, J. C. S. 1975. Seed dormancy and germination in Rottboellia exaltata . J. Agric. Sci., Cambridge. 85:129–134.Google Scholar