Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T14:33:48.950Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Residues of Simazine and Hydroxysimazine in an Orchard Soil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

S. U. Khan  and
P. B. Marriage
S. U. Khan
Affiliation:
Res. Branch, Agric. Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6
P. B. Marriage
Affiliation:
Res. Branch, Agric. Canada, Harrow, Ontario, Canada, NOR 1G0
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] was applied annually at 4.5 kg/ha to uncultivated sandy loam of peach (Prunus persica Batsch) for 7 yr (orchard A) and 9 yr (orchard B). Simazine and the metabolite, hydroxysimazine [2-hydroxy-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine] as determined by gas chromatography (GC) persisted for 40 and 28 months in soil of orchard A and B, respectively. However, no progressive accumulation of either compound in large quantities occurred from repeated annual applications of simazine to the orchard soils. No metabolites other than hydroxysimazine were detected. Hydroxysimazine was degraded more slowly than simazine and the residue levels of hydroxysimazine were at least 40 times those of simazine 40 months and 28 months after the final application in orchard A and B, respectively. Both simazine and hydroxysimazine residues were detected in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile.

Keywords

Degradationpersistencegas chromatographymetabolismmass spectrometry
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , March 1979 , pp. 238 - 241
Copyright
Copyright © 1979 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Best, J. A. and Weber, J. B. 1974. Disappearance of s-triazines as affected by soil pH using a balance sheet approach. Weed Sci. 22:364–373.Google Scholar
2. Beynon, K. I., Stoydin, G., and Wright, A. N. 1972. A comparison of the breakdown of the triazine herbicides cyanazine, atrazine, and simazine in soils and in maize. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 2:153–161.Google Scholar
3. Bowmer, K. M. 1972. Long-term use of herbicides. Measurement of residues of diuron and simazine in an orchard soil. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 12:535–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Dawson, J. H., Bruns, V. F., and Clore, W. J. 1968. Residual monuron, diuron, and simazine in a vineyard soil. Weed Sci. 16:63–65.Google Scholar
5. Esser, H. O., Dupuis, G., Ebert, E., Marco, G. J., and Vogel, C. 1975. s-Triazines. Pages 129–208 in Kearney, P. C. and Kaufman, D. D., (eds.), Herbicides. Chemistry, degradation, and mode of action. Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
6. Fryer, J. D. and Kirkland, K. 1970. Field experiments to investigate long-term effects of repeated applications of MCPA, triallate, simazine and linuron report after 6 years. Weed Res. 10:133–158.Google Scholar
7. Goswami, K. P. and Green, R. E. 1971. Microbial degradation of the herbicide atrazine and its 2-hydroxy analog in submerged soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 5:426–429.Google Scholar
8. Jordon, L. S., Farmer, W. J., Goodin, J. R., and Day, B. E. 1970. Nonbiological detoxication of the s-triazine herbicides. Residue Reviews 32:267–286.Google Scholar
9. Kaufman, D. D. and Blake, J. 1970. Degradation of atrazine by soil fungi. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2:73–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Kaufman, D. D. and Kearney, P. C. 1970. Microbial degradation of s-triazine herbicides. Residue Reviews 32:235–265.Google Scholar
11. Khan, S. U. and Marriage, P. B. 1977. Residues of atrazine and its metabolites in an orchard soil and their uptake by oat plants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 25:1408–1413.Google Scholar
12. Leonard, O. A., McHenry, W. B., and Lider, L. A. 1974. Herbicide residues in soil of the vine row 21 months following 9 successive annual applications. Proc. Annual California Weed Conf. 115–122.Google Scholar
13. Marriage, P. B. and Saidak, W. J. 1972. Weed control and the winter-hardiness of peach shoots. Can. J. Plant Sci. 52:395–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Marriage, P. B. and Saidak, W. J. 1976. Simazine and linuron residues in peach orchard soil after repeated annual applications. Can. J. Soil Sci. 56:111–114.Google Scholar
15. Marriage, P. B., Saidak, W. J., and von Styrk, F. G. 1975. Residues of atrazine, simazine, linuron and diuron after repeated annual applications in a peach orchard. Weed Res. 15:373–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. MacRae, I. C. and Alexander, M. 1965. Microbial degradation of selected herbicides in soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 13:72–76.Google Scholar
17. Obien, S. R. 1971. Degradation of atrazine and related triazines in Hawaiian soils. Diss. Abstr. Int. B. 31:4441–4442.Google Scholar
18. Obien, S. R. and Green, R. E. 1969. Degradation of atrazine in four Hawaiian soils. Weed Sci. 17:509–514.Google Scholar
19. Ragab, M. T. H. and McCollum, J. P. 1961. Degradation of C14-labeled simazine by plants and soil microorganisms. Weeds 9:72–84.Google Scholar
20. Ramsteiner, K. A., Hörmann, W. D., and Eberle, D. 1972. Residues of atrazine, simazine and some of their metabolites in the soil after many years' application. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz 6:43–52.Google Scholar
21. Roadhouse, F. E. B. and Birk, L. A. 1961. Penetration of and persistence in soil of the herbicide 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine). Can. J. Plant Sci. 41:252–260.Google Scholar
22. Skipper, H. D. and Volk, V. V. 1972. Biological and chemical degradation of atrazine in three Oregon soils. Weed Sci. 20:334–347.Google Scholar