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Rapid endosperm development promotes early maturity in weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2020

Can Zhao ,
Wenrong Xu ,
Lingchao Meng ,
Sheng Qiang ,
Weimin Dai ,
Zheng Zhang  and
Xiaoling Song Open the ORCID record for Xiaoling Song [Opens in a new window]
Can Zhao
Affiliation:
Ph.D Student, Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Wenrong Xu
Affiliation:
Master’s Student, Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Lingchao Meng
Affiliation:
Master’s Student, Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Sheng Qiang
Affiliation:
Professor, Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Weimin Dai
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Zheng Zhang
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Xiaoling Song*
Affiliation:
Professor, Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
*
Author for correspondence: Xiaoling Song, Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Early maturity allows weedy rice (Oryza sativa L. f. spontanea) to persist by escaping harvest in paddy fields. A shorter grain-filling period contributes to the early maturity of weedy rice. However, the differences in morphology and endosperm development in the caryopsis between weedy and cultivated rice are largely unexplored. Here, we selected four biotypes of weedy rice and associated cultivated rice (ACR; Oryza sativa) from different latitudes to conduct a common garden experiment. The endosperm development process of the caryopsis was observed by optical microscopy and electron microscopy. Endosperm cell division and starch accumulation rate during grain filling were also measured. The grain development progress in weedy rice was more rapid and earlier than that in ACR. The endosperm development progress of weedy rice was 6 to 8 d earlier than that of ACR. The endosperm cells of weedy rice cellularized earlier and more rapidly than those of ACR, and the starch grains of weedy rice were more sharply polygonal and compactly arranged than those of ACR. The active endosperm cell division period in weedy rice was 4 to 7 d shorter than that in ACR, while the active starch accumulation period of weedy rice was 2 to 8 d shorter than that of ACR. The rapid development of endosperm cells and starch grains leads to the shorter grain-filling period of weedy rice. weedy rice.

Keywords

Weedy ricecultivated riceendosperm cell divisionstarch accumulationearly maturity
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , March 2020 , pp. 168 - 178
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Steven S. Seefeldt, Washington State University

*

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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