Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T00:50:25.289Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Production of Pleospora papaveracea biomass in liquid culture and its infectivity on opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

B. A. Bailey ,
K. P. Hebbar ,
R. D. Lumsden ,
N. R. O'Neill  and
J. A. Lewis
K. P. Hebbar
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Building 001, Room 342, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
R. D. Lumsden
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Building 001, Room 342, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
N. R. O'Neill
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Building 004, Room 116, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
J. A. Lewis
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Building 001, Room 342, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The fungus Pleospora papaveracea is a potential biocontrol agent for opium poppy. The objective of this study was to characterize the growth and production of propagules of P. papaveracea on various substrates and determine their infectivity on opium poppy. Pleospora papaveracea was grown on agar media containing wheat bran, corn cobs, soy fiber, cottonseed meal, rice flour, cornstarch, pectin, dextrin, or molasses, all with the addition of brewer's yeast (BY). Maximum radial growth of P. papaveracea occurred on molasses, soy fiber, and wheat bran media. Pleospora papaveracea produced chlamydospores on dextrin–BY and cornstarch–BY only. Pleospora papaveracea growth in liquid media with 1% (wt/v) dextrin, cornstarch, soy fiber, or wheat bran resulted in the production of greater than 106 colony-forming units (cfu) ml−1 within 3 to 5 d of incubation. Pleospora papaveracea produced less than 105 chlamydospores ml−1 after 10 d of incubation in wheat bran–BY and soy fiber–BY liquid media compared with the production of greater than 105 chlamydospores ml−1 after 5 d of incubation in dextrin–BY or cornstarch–BY liquid media. Fewer cfu were produced by P. papaveracea in 0.25% dextrin or 0.25 and 0.50% soy fiber liquid media than with 1 or 2% substrate. Greater than 107 chlamydospores g−1 dry weight and 108 cfu g−1 dry weight of P. papaveracea were produced in dextrin–BY liquid media in a commercial bench-top fermentor. After air drying biomass for 6 d, propagules of P. papaveracea remained infective on opium poppy. Mycelia and chlamydospores of P. papaveracea grew and formed appressoria during the infection process. Air-dried biomass, when rehydrated in 0.001% Tween 20, caused necrosis within 48 h after application to detached opium poppy leaves. At least 94% of the propagules from air-dried biomass that germinated and infected detached opium poppy leaves were of mycelial origin.

Keywords

Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L.Pleospora papaveraceabioherbicidebiological controlformulation technology
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 52 , Issue 1 , February 2004 , pp. 91 - 97
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Amsellem, Z., Zidack, N. K., Quimby, P. C. Jr., and Gressel, J. 1999. Long term dry preservation of active mycelia of two mycoherbicidal organisms. Crop Prot 18:643–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, B. A., Apel-Birkhold, P. C., O'Neill, N. R., Plaskowitz, J., Alavi, S., Jennings, J. C., and Anderson, J. A. 2000. Evaluation of infection processes and resulting disease caused by Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea on Papaver somniferum . Phytopathology 90:699–709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowers, R. C. 1982. Commercialization of microbial biological control agents. Pages 157–173 in Charudatan, R. and Walker, H. L. eds. Biological Control of Weeds with Plant Pathogens. New York: J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Boyetchko, S. M. 1997. Principles of biological weed control with microorganisms. Hortscience 32:201–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyette, C. D., Quimby, P. C. Jr., Connick, W. J. Jr., Daigle, D. J., and Fulgham, F. E. 1991. Progress in the production, formulation, and application of mycoherbicides. Pages 209–222 in TeBeest, D. O. ed. Microbial Control of Weeds. New York: Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchill, B. W. 1982. Mass production of microorganisms for biological control. Pages 139–156 in Charudattan, R. and Walker, H. L. eds. Biological Control of Weeds with Plant Pathogens. New York: J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Farr, D. F., O'Neill, N. R., and van Berkum, P. B. 2000. Morphological and molecular studies on Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea, pathogens of Papaver somniferum . Mycologia 92:145–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fravel, D. R., Connick, W. J. Jr., and Lewis, J. A. 1998. Formulations of microorganisms to control plant diseases. Pages 187–202 in Burges, H. D. ed. Formulation of Microbial Biopesticides. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greaves, M. P., Holloway, P. J., and Auld, B. A. 1998. Formulations of microbial herbicides. Pages 203–233 in Burges, H. D. ed. Formulation of Microbial Biopesticides. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hebbar, K. P., Lewis, J. A., Poch, S. M., and Lumsden, R. D. 1996. Agricultural by-products as substrates for growth, conidiation and chlamydospore formation by a potential mycoherbicide, Fusarium oxysporum strain EN-4. Biocontrol Sci. Technol 6:263–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hebbar, P. K., Lumsden, R. D., Poch, S. M., and Lewis, J. A. 1997. Liquid fermentation to produce biomass of mycoherbicidal strains of Fusarium oxysporum . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol 48:714–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hildebrand, D. C. and McCain, A. H. 1978. The use of various substances for large-scale production of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cannabis inoculum. Phytopathology 68:1099–1101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lumsden, R. D., Walter, J. F., and Baker, C. P. 1996. Development of Gliocladium virens for damping-off disease control. Can. J. Plant Pathol 19:463–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meffert, M. E. 1950. Ein Beirtag zur Biologie und Morphologie der Erreger der parasitaren Blattdurra des Mohns. Z. Parasitenkd. Bd 14:442–498.Google Scholar
O'Neill, N. R., Jennings, J. C., Bailey, B. A., and Farr, D. F. 2000. Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea, destructive seedborne pathogen and potential mycoherbicides for Papaver somniferum . Phytopathology 90:691–698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oritsejofor, J. J. 1986. Carbon and nitrogen nutrition in relation to growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elacides . Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc 87:519–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osman, M., El-Sayed, M. A., Mohamed, Y. A. H., and Metwally, M. 1992. Effect of various culture conditions on Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum, 1. Culture media, temperature, age and carbon source. Microbios 71:15–26.Google Scholar
Papavizas, G. C., Dunn, M. T., Lewis, J. A., and Beagle-Ristaino, J. 1984. Liquid fermentation technology for experimental production of biocontrol fungi. Phytopathology 74:1171–1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Templeton, G. E., TeBeest, D. O., and Smith, R. J. Jr. 1984. Biological weed control in rice with a strain of Colletotrichum gleosporiodes (Penz.) Sacc. used as a mycoherbicide. Crop Prot 3:409–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Brunt, J. 1986. Fermentation economics. Biotechnology 4:395–401.Google Scholar