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Prediction of flowering in common crupina (Crupina vulgaris)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Cindy Talbott Roché ,
Donald C. Thill  and
Bahman Shafii
Donald C. Thill
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
Bahman Shafii
Affiliation:
College of Agriculture, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
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Abstract

Exotic annual weeds on western U.S. rangelands owe at least part of their invasion success to prolific seed production. Reproductive output is determined largely by timing of flowering in relation to soil moisture, light, and competing vegetation. This study investigated the influence of temperature (including vernalization), photoperiod, and intraspecific competition on reproductive phenology in three populations (two varieties, typica and bracbypappa) of common crupina. Monthly plantings at four densities were grown in field plots through two consecutive cycles, and the date each plant reached bud and flowering stage was recorded. Development of greenhouse-grown plants from the same populations was compared with those grown outside for 4, 6, 8, and 10 wk of cold induction. Reproductive development in common crupina was influenced by all factors investigated: temperature, photoperiod, density, and vernalization. Conditions fostering the shortest thermal time from emergence to floral induction were a period of cold temperatures/short photoperiod as seedlings followed by warming temperatures and lengthening photoperiod. Both varieties of common crupina responded quantitatively to vernalization, but lack of vernalization caused a greater delay of flowering in var. brachypappa than in var. typica. Vernalization contributed to convergence of spring flowering among the August to December plantings, but earlier emergence and lower plant density greatly increased final plant size and fecundity. Lack of vernalization, high temperatures, and shortening day length delayed flowering of spring/summer emergents, increasing the probability of succumbing to drought before producing seed.

Keywords

Common crupina, Crupina vulgaris Pers. CRUVUDevelopment ratephenologyphotoperiodthermal time modelsvernalizationweed biology
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 4 , August 1997 , pp. 519 - 528
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: P.O. Box 897, Asotin, WA 99402; [email protected]

References

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