Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T01:57:56.620Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pollen-Mediated Gene Flow of Sulfonylurea-Resistant Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

George P. Stallings ,
Donald C. Thill ,
Carol A. Mallory-Smith  and
Bahman Shafii
George P. Stallings
Affiliation:
Dept. Plant, Soil, and Ent. Sci., and Coll. of Agric., Univ. Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
Donald C. Thill
Affiliation:
Dept. Plant, Soil, and Ent. Sci., and Coll. of Agric., Univ. Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
Carol A. Mallory-Smith
Affiliation:
Dept. Plant, Soil, and Ent. Sci., and Coll. of Agric., Univ. Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
Bahman Shafii
Affiliation:
Dept. Plant, Soil, and Ent. Sci., and Coll. of Agric., Univ. Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The movement of sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant (R) kochia pollen was investigated in a spring barley field near Moscow, ID, using a Nelder plot design in 1991 and 1992. Each 61 m diameter plot had 16 rays spaced 22.5° apart and contained 211 kochia plants. There were 12 susceptible (S) plants and one R plant along each ray. The R and S plants were 1.5 m and 3.0 to 30.5 m from the center of the plot, respectively. Wind direction and speed in the 16 vectors, air and soil temperature, and rainfall were monitored continuously. Mature kochia seed was collected from individual plants, planted in the greenhouse, and sprayed with chlorsulfuron to test for resistant F1 progeny. Results from the 2-yr study showed outcrossing of R pollen onto S plants at rates up to 13.1% per plant 1.5 m from the R plants and declining to 1.4% per plant or less 29 m from the R plants. At least 35% of the total R x S crosses occurred in the direction of prevailing southeastward winds. Predicted percentages of R x S crosses per plant ranged from 0.16 to 1.29 at 1.5 m, and 0.00 to 0.06% at 29 m. Thus, resistant kochia pollen can spread the sulfonylurea-resistant trait at least 30 m during each growing season.

Keywords

Chlorsulfuron, 2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]-benzenesulfonamideKochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. #3 KCHSCbarley, Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Clark.’Chlorsulfuronherbicide resistancepollen dispersalpollen viabilityKCHSC
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 43 , Issue 1 , March 1995 , pp. 95 - 102
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LITERATURE CITED

1. Bassett, I. J., Crompton, C. W., and Parmelee, J. A. 1978. An Atlas of Airborne Pollen Grains and Common Fungus Spores of Canada. Can. Dept. Agric. Mono. No. 18. Ottawa, Canada. pp. 330.Google Scholar
2. Bell, A. R., Nalewaja, J. D., and Schooler, A. B. 1972. Light period, temperature, and kochia flowering. Weed Sci. 20:462–464.Google Scholar
3. Crompton, C. W. and Bassett, I. J. 1985. The biology of Canadian weeds. 65. Salsola pestifer A. Nels. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65:379–388.Google Scholar
4. Faegri, K. and Iversen, J. 1975. The production and dispersal of pollen grains, in Textbook of Pollen Analysis, Hafner Press, New York.Google Scholar
5. Hauser, E. J. and Morrison, J. H. 1964. Cytochemical reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium as an index of pollen viability. Amer J. Bot. 51:748–53.Google Scholar
6. Kapyla, M. 1989. Adhesives and mounting media in aerobiological sampling. Grana 28:215–218.Google Scholar
7. Levin, D. and Kerster, H. 1974. Gene flow in seed plants. Evol. Bio. 7:139–220.Google Scholar
8. Manasse, R. 1992. Ecological risk of transgenic plants: effects of spatial dispersion on gene flow. Ecol. Appl. 2:431–438.Google Scholar
9. Manasse, R. and Kareiva, P. 1991. Quantifying the spread of recombinant genes and organisms. pp 215–231 in Ginzburg, L., ed. Assessing Ecological Risks of Biotechnology. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, MA.Google Scholar
10. Maxwell, B. D. 1992. Predicting gene flow from herbicide resistant weeds in annual agriculture systems. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. (Abstr.) 73:264.Google Scholar
11. Mulugeta, D. M. 1991. Management, Inheritance, and Gene Flow of Resistance to Chlorsulfuron in Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad., MS Thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. 134 pp.Google Scholar
12. Mulugeta, D., Fay, P. K., Dyer, W. E., and Talbert, L. E. 1991. Inheritance of resistance to the sulfonylurea herbicides in Kochia scoparia . Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 44:81.Google Scholar
13. Mulugeta, D. M., Fay, P. K., and Dyer, W. E. 1992. The role of pollen in the spread of sulfonylurea resistant Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad., Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. Abstr. 32:No. 48.Google Scholar
14. Mulugeta, D. M., Dyer, W. E., Maxwell, B. D., and Fay, P. K. 1994. Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad pollen dispersion, viability and germination. Accepted for publication.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Nelder, J. A. 1962. New kinds of systematic designs for spacing experiments. Biometrics 18:283–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Oberle, G. D. and Watson, R. 1953. The use of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride in viability tests of fruit pollen. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 61:229–303.Google Scholar
17. Pederson, P. N., Johansen, H. B., and Jorgensen, J. 1961. Pollen spreading in diploid and tetraploid rye. I. Importance of pollen quantity and pollen distribution for the percentage of seed setting in the ears. Royal Vet. Agr. Coll. Ann. Yearbook, pp. 54–67.Google Scholar
18. Regal, P. J. 1986. Models of genetically engineered organisms and their ecological impact. Pages 111–129 in Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. Mooney, H. A. and Drake, J. A., eds.Google Scholar
19. Rai, K. N. and Jain, J. K. 1982. Population biology of Avena. IX. Gene flow and neighborhood size in relation to microgeographic variation in Avena barbata . Oecologia 53:399–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Schlichting, C. D. 1986. Environmental stress reduces pollen quality in phlox: compounding the fitness deficit. Pages 483–488 in Biotechnology and Ecology of Pollen. Mulcahy, D. L., Mulcahy, G. B., and Ottaviano, E., eds. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
21. Shamsutdinov, Z. S. and Khamidov, A. A. 1984. Flowering biology and the phenomenon of male sterility in Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad. Prob. Des. Dev. 4:20–28.Google Scholar
22. Stallings, G. P., Thill, D. C., and Mallory-Smith, C. A. 1992. Sulfonylurea-resistant Russian thistle survey in Washington state. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 45:38–39.Google Scholar
23. Stallings, G. P., Thill, D. C., and Mallory-Smith, C. A. 1993. Pollen-mediated gene flow of sulfonylurea-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. Abstr. 33:180.Google Scholar
24. Stevens, O. A. 1943. Russian thistle life history and growth. NDSU Bulletin 326. N. Dakota State Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn., Fargo, ND.Google Scholar
25. Thompson, C. R. 1993. Biology of Sulfonylurea Herbicide-Resistant and -Susceptible Kochia (Kochia scoparia). Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Idaho, Moscow, ID 83 pp.Google Scholar
26. Thompson, C. R., Thill, D. C., and Shafii, B. 1994. Germination characteristics of sulfonylurea-resistant and -susceptible kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci. 42:50–56.Google Scholar
27. Tonsor, S. J. 1985. Leptokurtic pollen-flow, and non-leptokurtic gene-flow in a wind-pollinated herb, Plantago lanceolata L. Oecologia 67:442–446.Google Scholar
28. Tynan, J. L., Williams, M. K., and Conner, A. J. 1990. Low frequency of pollen dispersal from a field trial of transgenic potatoes. J. Genet. Breed. 44:303–306.Google Scholar
29. van Herpen, M. M. 1986. Biochemical alterations in the sexual partners resulting from environmental conditions before pollination regulate processes after pollination. Pages 131–133 in Biotechnology and Ecology of Pollen. Mulcahy, D. L., Mulcahy, G. B., and Ottaviano, E., eds. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar