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Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Method Affects Weed Growth and Competition with Wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Robert E. Blackshaw  and
Louis J. Molnar
Robert E. Blackshaw*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
Louis J. Molnar
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Strategic fertilizer management is an important component of integrated weed management systems. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of various application methods of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on weed growth and wheat yield. Weed species were chosen to represent species that varied in their growth responsiveness to P: redroot pigweed (medium), wild mustard (medium), wild oat (medium), green foxtail (high), redstem filaree (high), and round-leaved mallow (high). P fertilizer application methods were seed placed at a 5-cm depth, midrow banded at a 10-cm depth, surface broadcast immediately before seeding, and surface broadcast immediately after seeding of wheat. An unfertilized control was included. P treatments were applied to the same plot in four consecutive years to determine annual and cumulative effects over years. Shoot P concentration and biomass of weeds were often lower with seed-placed or subsurface-banded P fertilizer compared with either surface-broadcast application method. This result occurred more frequently with the highly P-responsive weeds and was more evident in the latter study years. P application method had little effect on weed-free wheat yield but often had a large effect on weed-infested wheat yield. Seed-placed or midrow-banded P compared with surface-broadcast P fertilizer often resulted in higher yields when wheat was in the presence of competitive weeds. Seedbank determinations at the conclusion of the study indicated that the seed density of five of six weed species was reduced with seed-placed or subsurface-banded P compared with surface-broadcast P. Information gained in this study will aid development of more effective weed management systems in wheat.

Keywords

Green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVIredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMAREredstem filaree, Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. ex Ait. EROCIround-leaved mallow, Malva pusilla Sm. MALPUwild mustard, Sinapis arvensis L. SINARwild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFAwheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘AC Abbey’.Banded fertilizercompetitionfertilizer placementphosphorus concentrationphosphorus fertilizerweed biomassweed seedbankwheat yield
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 3 , June 2009 , pp. 311 - 318
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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