Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T09:28:20.940Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Method Affects Weed Growth and Competition with Wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Robert E. Blackshaw  and
Louis J. Molnar
Robert E. Blackshaw*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
Louis J. Molnar
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Strategic fertilizer management is an important component of integrated weed management systems. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of various application methods of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on weed growth and wheat yield. Weed species were chosen to represent species that varied in their growth responsiveness to P: redroot pigweed (medium), wild mustard (medium), wild oat (medium), green foxtail (high), redstem filaree (high), and round-leaved mallow (high). P fertilizer application methods were seed placed at a 5-cm depth, midrow banded at a 10-cm depth, surface broadcast immediately before seeding, and surface broadcast immediately after seeding of wheat. An unfertilized control was included. P treatments were applied to the same plot in four consecutive years to determine annual and cumulative effects over years. Shoot P concentration and biomass of weeds were often lower with seed-placed or subsurface-banded P fertilizer compared with either surface-broadcast application method. This result occurred more frequently with the highly P-responsive weeds and was more evident in the latter study years. P application method had little effect on weed-free wheat yield but often had a large effect on weed-infested wheat yield. Seed-placed or midrow-banded P compared with surface-broadcast P fertilizer often resulted in higher yields when wheat was in the presence of competitive weeds. Seedbank determinations at the conclusion of the study indicated that the seed density of five of six weed species was reduced with seed-placed or subsurface-banded P compared with surface-broadcast P. Information gained in this study will aid development of more effective weed management systems in wheat.

Keywords

Green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVIredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMAREredstem filaree, Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. ex Ait. EROCIround-leaved mallow, Malva pusilla Sm. MALPUwild mustard, Sinapis arvensis L. SINARwild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFAwheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘AC Abbey’.Banded fertilizercompetitionfertilizer placementphosphorus concentrationphosphorus fertilizerweed biomassweed seedbankwheat yield
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 3 , June 2009 , pp. 311 - 318
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Andreasen, C., Streibig, J. C., and Hass, H. 1991. Soil properties affecting the distribution of 37 weed species in Danish fields. Weed Res. 31:181–187.Google Scholar
Angonin, C., Caussanel, J. P., and Meynard, J. M. 1996. Competition between winter wheat and Veronica hederifolia: influence of weed density and the amount and timing of nitrogen application. Weed Res. 36:175–187.Google Scholar
Anonymous 1977. Technicon Industrial Method No. 334-74W/B+. Tarrytown, NY Technicon Industrial Systems.Google Scholar
Banks, P. A., Santelmann, P. W., and Tucker, B. B. 1976. Influence of long-term soil fertility treatments on weed species in winter wheat. Agron. J. 68:825–827.Google Scholar
Barber, S. A. 1980. Soil–plant interactions in plant nutrition. Pages 591–615. In Khasawneh, F. E., Sample, E. C., and Kamprath, E. J. The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture. Madison, WI ASA.Google Scholar
Belnap, J., Sherrod, S. K., and Miller, M. E. 2003. Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii. Weed Sci. 51:371–378.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E., Anderson, R. L., and Lemerle, D. 2007. Cultural weed management. Pages 35–47. In Upadhyaya, M. K. and Blackshaw, R. E. Non-Chemical Weed Management: Principles, Concepts and Technology. Oxfordfordshire, UK CABI.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E., Brandt, R. N., Janzen, H. H., and Entz, T. 2004a. Weed species response to phosphorus fertilization. Weed Sci. 52:406–412.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E., Molnar, L. J., and Janzen, H. H. 2004b. Nitrogen fertilizer timing and application method affect weed growth and competition with spring wheat. Weed Sci. 52:614–622.Google Scholar
Blue, E. N., Mason, S. C., and Sander, D. H. 1990. Influence of planting date, seeding rate, and phosphorus rate on wheat yield. Agron. J. 82:762–768.Google Scholar
Cardina, J. and Sparrow, D. H. 1996. A comparison of methods to predict weed seedling populations from the soil seedbank. Weed Sci. 44:46–51.Google Scholar
DiTomaso, J. M. 1995. Approaches for improving crop competitiveness through the manipulation of fertilization strategies. Weed Sci. 43:491–497.Google Scholar
Gebhardt, M. R., Daniel, T. C., Schweizer, E. E., and Allmaras, R. R. 1985. Conservation tillage. Science. 230:625–630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gill, G. S. and Blacklow, W. M. 1984. Effect of great brome (Bromus diandrus Roth.) on the growth of wheat and great brome and their uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 35:1–8.Google Scholar
Godel, G. L. 1938. Cereal growing on weedy land in northeastern Saskatchewan: effect of heavy seeding with the use of fertilizer on the development of weeds and crops. Sci. Agric. 19:21–32.Google Scholar
Grant, C. A., Flaten, D. N., Tomasiewicz, D. J., and Sheppard, S. C. 2001. The importance of early season phosphorus nutrition. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81:211–224.Google Scholar
Grant, C. A., Peterson, G. A., and Campbell, C. A. 2002. Nutrient considerations for diversified cropping systems in the northern Great Plains. Agron. J. 94:186–198.Google Scholar
Halvorson, A. D. and Black, A. L. 1985. Long-term dryland crop responses to residual phosphorus fertilizer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:928–933.Google Scholar
Hoffman, M. L., Owen, M. D. K., and Buhler, D. D. 1998. Effects of crop and weed management on density and vertical distribution of weed seeds in soil. Agron. J. 90:793–799.Google Scholar
Hoveland, C. S., Buchanan, G. A., and Harris, M. C. 1976. Response of weeds to soil phosphorus and potassium. Weed Sci. 24:194–201.Google Scholar
Konesky, D. W., Siddiqi, M. Y., and Glass, A. D. M. 1989. Wild oat and barley interactions: varietal differences in competitiveness in relation to phosphorus supply. Can. J. Bot. 67:3366–3371.Google Scholar
Middleton, A. B., Bremer, E., and McKenzie, R. H. 2004. Winter wheat response to nitrogen fertilizer form and placement in southern Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84:125–131.Google Scholar
Nyborg, M., Malhi, S. S., Mumey, G., Penney, D. C., and Laverty, D. H. 1999. Economics of phosphorus fertilization of barley as influenced by concentration of extractable phosphorus in the soil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 30:1789–1795.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., Clayton, G. W., Grant, C. A., Harker, K. N., Turkington, T. K., and Lupwayi, N. Z. 2008. Effect of nitrogen rate and placement and seeding rate on barley productivity and wild oat fecundity in a zero tillage system. Crop Sci. 48:1569–1574.Google Scholar
O'Halloran, I. P. 1993. Total and organic phosphorus. Pages 213–229. In Carter, M. R. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Boca Raton, FL Lewis.Google Scholar
Ozanne, P. G. 1980. Phosphate nutrition of plants—a general treatise. Pages 559–589. In Khasawneh, F. E., Sample, E. C., and Kamprath, E. J. The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture. Madison, WI ASA.Google Scholar
Sander, D. H. and Eghball, B. 1999. Planting date and phosphorus fertilizer placement effects on winter wheat. Agron. J. 91:707–712.Google Scholar
Santos, B. M., Dusky, J. A., Stall, W. M., and Gilreath, J. P. 2004. Influence of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) densities and phosphorus fertilization on lettuce. Crop Prot. 23:173–176.Google Scholar
Santos, B. M., Dusky, J. A., Stall, W. M., Shilling, D. G., and Bewick, T. A. 1998. Phosphorus effects on competitive interactions of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) with lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Weed Sci. 46:307–312.Google Scholar
SAS Institute Inc 2005. SAS OnlineDoc 9.1.3. http://support.sas.com/documentation/onlinedoc/91pdf/index.html. Accessed: April 16, 2008.Google Scholar
Shepppard, S. C. and Racz, G. 1985. Shoot and root response of wheat to band and broadcast phosphorus at varying soil temperature. Can. J. Soil Sci. 65:79–88.Google Scholar
Shrefler, J. W., Dusky, J. A., Shilling, D. G., Brecke, B. J., and Sanchez, C. A. 1994. Effects of phosphorus fertility on competition between lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus). Weed Sci. 42:556–560.Google Scholar
Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd ed. New York McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Tanveer, A., Ahmad, R., Ayub, M., and Ali, A. 1999. Phosphorus removal by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album) as affected by method of fertilizer application and competition period. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 69:406–409.Google Scholar
Van Delden, A., Lotz, L. A., Bastiaans, L., Franke, A. C., Smid, H. G., Groeneveld, R. M. W., and Kropff, M. J. 2002. The influence of nitrogen supply on the ability of wheat and potato to suppress Stellaria media growth and reproduction. Weed Res. 42:429–445.Google Scholar
Vengris, J., Drake, M., Colby, W. G., and Drake, M. 1955. Plant nutrient competition between weeds and crops. Agron. J. 47:213–216.Google Scholar
Verma, R., Agarwal, H. R., and Nepalia, V. 1999. Effect of weed control and phosphorus on crop-weed competition in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Indian J. Weed Sci. 31:265–266.Google Scholar
Walter, A. M., Christensen, S., and Simmelsgaard, S. E. 2002. Spatial correlation between weed species densities and soil properties. Weed Res. 42:26–38.Google Scholar
Yenish, J. P., Fry, T. A., Durgan, B. R., and Wyse, D. L. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Weed Sci. 40:429–433.Google Scholar