Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T03:49:42.814Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Identifying Critical Control Points in the Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Life Cycle and the Potential Effects of Harvest Weed-Seed Control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Breanne D. Tidemann ,
Linda M. Hall ,
K. Neil Harker  and
Brendan C. S. Alexander
Breanne D. Tidemann*
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture and Forestry Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
Linda M. Hall
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture and Forestry Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
K. Neil Harker
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
Brendan C. S. Alexander
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture and Forestry Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Wild oat is a problematic weed species that requires new management techniques in the face of herbicide resistance; harvest weed-seed control (HWSC) may be an option. Wild oat demographic information was collected in long-term, rotational field studies in Lacombe, AB, Canada, in 2006 and 2007, and a periodic matrix model was parameterized using management extremes (no IPM, no herbicide to high IPM, and full herbicide). Population growth rates were calculated for each treatment and year. Prospective (elasticity) and retrospective (LTRE) analyses were conducted alongside a rearrangement of the model equation in which population growth rates were designated and the required proportion of newly shed seed survival that gives that growth rate was solved for. All populations had λ > 1 or increasing populations. Elasticity analyses indicated that λ was most-highly elastic to the overwinter seedbank (Esw = 1), followed by seedling survival, fecundity, and survival of newly shed seed (0.63 to 0.86 across treatments). The latter may be the most-accessible vital rate for management of herbicide resistant populations. LTRE exposed the stochasticity of wild oat population growth rates between years and their ability to take advantage of lapses in control. Decreasing the proportion of newly shed seeds (snew) that survives was the most-effective and available control strategy until reduced to 0.1 to 0.3 when the summer seedbank becomes more critical. When averaged across treatments, > 80% of newly shed seed must be eliminated to stop the population from growing, resulting in a stable population, but not a decline. Because of preharvest shattering, HWSC will likely not be effective enough alone to cause wild oat populations to decline. New management techniques for wild oat control that can be used in combination with HWSC and integrated weed management strategies are needed.

Keywords

Wild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFADemographic modelelasticity analysisherbicide resistanceintegrated weed managementlife-table response experimentperiodic matrix model
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 463 - 473
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate editor for this paper: Adam Davis, USDA-ARS.

References

Literature Cited

Beckie, HJ, Blackshaw, RE, Low, R, Hall, LM, Sauder, CA, Martin, S, Brandt, RN, Shirriff, SW (2013a) Glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase inhibitor–resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia) in western Canada. Weed Sci 61: 310–318 Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Francis, A, Hall, LM (2012) The biology of Canadian weeds, 27: Avena fatua L. (updated). Can J Plant Sci 92: 1329–1357 Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Lozinski, C, Shirriff, S, Brenzil, C (2013b) Herbicide-resistant weeds in the Canadian prairies: 2007–2011. Weed Technol 27: 171–183 Google Scholar
Caswell, H (2000) Prospective and retrospective perturbation analyses: their roles in conservation biology. Ecology 81: 619–627 Google Scholar
Caswell, H (2001) Matrix Population Models: Construction, Analysis, and Interpretation. 2nd edn. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. 722 pGoogle Scholar
Davis, AS (2006) When does it make sense to target the weed seed bank? Weed Sci 54: 558–565 Google Scholar
Davis, AS, Dixon, PM, Liebman, M (2003) Cropping system effects on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) demography, II: retrospective perturbation analysis. Weed Sci 51: 930–939 Google Scholar
Davis, AS, Dixon, PM, Liebman, M (2004) Using matrix models to determine cropping system effects on annual weed demography. Ecol Appl 14: 655–668 Google Scholar
Davis, AS, Liebman, M (2003) Cropping system effects on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) demography, I: green manure and tillage timing. Weed Sci 51: 919–929 Google Scholar
de Kroon, H, van Groenendael, J, Ehrlen, J (2000) Elasticities: a review of methods and model limitations. Ecology 81: 607–618 Google Scholar
Fenner, M, Thompson, K (2005) The Ecology of Seeds. New York: Cambridge University Press. 264 pGoogle Scholar
Harker, KN, Kirkland, KJ, Baron, VS, Clayton, GW (2003) Early-harvest barley (Hordeum vulgare) silage reduces wild oat (Avena fatua) densities under zero tillage. Weed Technol 17: 102–110 Google Scholar
Harker, KN, O'Donovan, JT, Irvine, RB, Turkington, TK, Clayton, GW (2009) Integrating cropping systems with cultural techniques augments wild oat (Avena fatua) management in barley. Weed Sci 57: 326–337 Google Scholar
Leeson, JY, Thomas, AG, Hall, LM, Brenzil, CA, Andrews, T, Brown, KR, Van Acker, RC (2005) Prairie weed surveys of cereal, oilseed and pulse crops from the 1970s to the 2000s. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 395 pGoogle Scholar
Martin, RJ, Felton, WL (1993) Effect of crop rotation, tillage practice, and herbicides on the population dynamics of wild oats in wheat. Aust J Exp Agric 33: 159–165 Google Scholar
Polziehn, KB (2011) Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) population dynamics within integrated weed management systems. MSc thesis. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta. 174 pGoogle Scholar
Shirtliffe, SJ, Entz, MH, Van Acker, RC (2000) Avena fatua development and seed shatter as related to thermal time. Weed Sci 48: 555–560 Google Scholar
Van Acker, RC (2009) Weed biology serves practical weed management. Weed Res 49: 1–5 Google Scholar
Walsh, M, Newman, P, Powles, S (2013) Targeting weed seeds in-crop: a new weed control paradigm for global agriculture. Weed Technol 27: 431–436 Google Scholar
Walsh, MJ, Powles, SB (2014) High seed retention at maturity of annual weeds infesting crop fields highlights the potential for harvest weed seed control. Weed Technol 28: 486–493 Google Scholar
Zorner, PS, Zimdahl, RL, Schweizer, EE (1984) Sources of viable seed loss in buried dormant and non-dormant populations of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) seed in Colorado. Weed Res 24: 143–150 Google Scholar