Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T21:56:19.014Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Herbicide-soil interactions in reduced tillage and plant residue management systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Martin A. Locke  and
Charles T. Bryson
Charles T. Bryson
Affiliation:
Southern Weed Science Laboratory, Stoneville, MS 38776
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Recent changes in technology, governmental regulation and scrutiny, and public opinion have motivated the agricultural community to examine current management practices from the perspective of how they fit into a sustainable agricultural framework. One aspect which can be incorporated into many existing farming systems is plant residue management (e.g., reduced tillage, cover crops). Many residue management systems are designed to enhance accumulation of plant residue at the soil surface. The plant residue covering the soil surface provides many benefits, including protection from soil erosion, soil moisture conservation by acting as a barrier against evaporation, improved soil tilth, and inhibition of weed emergence. This review summarizes recent literature (ca. last 25 yr) concerning the effects of plant residue management on the soil environment and how those changes impact herbicide interactions.

Keywords

Conservation tillagecover cropdegradationleachingno-tillagereduced tillagerunoffsorptiontillage
Type
Review Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 2 , April 1997 , pp. 307 - 320
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Andruilo, A. E., Rosell, R. A., and Crespo, M. B. 1987. Effect of tillage on organic matter properties of a soil of Central Argentina. Sci. Total Environ. 62: 453–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angers, D. A., Bissonnette, N., Legere, A., and Samson, N. 1993a. Microbial and biochemical changes induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under batley production. Can. J. Soil Sci. 73: 39–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angers, D. A., N'dayegamiye, A., and Cote, D. 1993b. Tillage-induced differences in organic matter of particle-size fractions and microbial biomass. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57: 512–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angers, D. A., Samson, N., and Legere, A. 1993c. Early changes in water-stable aggregation induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production. Can. J. Soil Sci. 73: 51–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angle, J. S., McClung, G., McIntosh, M. S., Thomas, P. M., and Wolf, D. C. 1984. Nutrient losses in runoff from conventional and no-till watersheds. J. Environ. Qual. 13: 431–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arshad, M. A., Schnitzer, M., Angers, D. A., and Ripmeester, J. A. 1990. Effects of till vs no-till on the quality of soil organic matter. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22: 595–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auerswald, K., Mutchler, C. K., and McGregor, K. C. 1994. The influence of tillage-induced differences in surface moisture content on soil erosion. Soil Till. Res. 32: 41–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, J. L. and Johnson, H. P. 1979. The effect of tillage systems on pesticides in runoff from small watersheds. Trans. ASAE 22: 554–559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, J. L., Laflen, J. M., and Hartwig, R. O. 1982. Effects of corn residue and herbicide placement on herbicide runoff losses. Trans. ASAE 25: 340–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, P. A. and Robinson, E. L. 1982. The influence of straw mulch on the soil reception and persistence of metribuzin. Weed Sci. 30: 164–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, P. A. and Robinson, E. L. 1984. The fate of oryzalin applied to straw-mulched and nonmulched soils. Weed Sci. 32: 269–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, P. A., and Robinson, E. L. 1986. Soil reception and activity of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor as affected by wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw and irrigation. Weed Sci. 34: 607–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basham, G. W. and Lavy, T. L. 1987. Microbial and photolytic dissipation of imazaquin in soil. Weed Sci. 35: 865–870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baughman, T. A., Shaw, D. R., Rhodes, G. N., and Mueller, T. C. 1996. Effects of tillage on chlorimuron persistence. Weed Sci. 44: 162–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, T. T. and Ross, M. A. 1983. Effect of three tillage systems on the persistence of atrazine. Weed Sci. 31: 423–426.Google Scholar
Beare, M. H., Hendrix, P. F., and Coleman, D. C. 1994. Water-stable aggregates and organic matter fractions in conventional and no-tillage soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58: 777–786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blevins, R. L., Thomas, G. W., Smith, M. S., Frye, W. W., and Cornelius, P. L. 1983. Changes in soil properties after 10 years continuous non-tilled and conventionally tilled corn. Soil Till. Res. 3: 135–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bollag, J.-M., Myers, C. J., and Minard, R. D. 1992. Biological and chemical interactions of pesticides with soil organic matter. Sci. Total Environ. 123/124: 205–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breakwell, D. P. and Turco, R. F. 1989. Nutrient and phytotoxic contributions of residue to soil in no-till continuous-corn ecosystems. Biol. Fertil. Soils 8: 328–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, B. A., Hayes, R. M., Tyler, D. D., and Mueller, T. C. 1994a. Effect of tillage and cover crop on fluometuron adsorption and degradation under controlled conditions. Weed Sci. 42: 629–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, B. A., Hayes, R. M., Tyler, D. D., and Mueller, T. C. 1996. Effect of long-term vetch (Vicia villosa) cover crop and tillage system on fluometuron dissipation from surface soil. Weed Sci. 44: 171–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, D. F., McCool, D. K., Papendick, R. I., and McDonough, L. M. 1985. Herbicide residues from winter wheat plots: Effect of tillage and crop management. J. Environ. Qual. 14: 521–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, R. B., Steckler, J.-P.G.A., and Anderson, G. W. 1994b. Remote sensing for identification of weeds in no-till corn. Trans. ASAE 37: 297–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1992. Population dynamics and control of annual weeds in corn (Zea mays) as influenced by tillage systems. Weed Sci. 40: 241–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Randall, G. W., Koskinen, W. C., and Wyse, D. L. 1993. Atrazine and alachlor losses from subsurface tile drainage of a clay loam soil. J. Environ. Qual. 22: 583–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burwell, R. E. and Kramer, L. A. 1983. Long-tetm annual runoff and soil loss from conventional and conservation tillage of corn. J. Soil Water Conserv. 38: 315–319.Google Scholar
Cardina, J., Sparrow, D. H., and McCoy, E. L. 1995. Analysis of spatial distribution of comon lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in no-till soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 43: 258–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, M. R., ed. 1994. Conservation tillage in temperate agroecosystems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 390 p.Google Scholar
Carter, M. R. 1995. Spatial variability of soil porosity under reduced tillage in a humic-ferric podzol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 75: 149–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, M. R. and Mele, P. M. 1992. Changes in microbial biomass and structural stability at the surface of a duplex soil under direct drilling and stubble retention in North-Eastern Victoria. Aust. J. Soil Res. 30: 493–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, M. R. and Steed, G. R. 1992. The effects of direct-drilling and stubble retention on hydraulic properties at the surface of duplex soils in North-Eastern Victoria. Aust. J. Soil Res. 30: 505–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, K. Y. and Mead, J. A. 1989. Water movement and macroporosity of an Australian alfisol under different tillage and pasture conditions. Soil Till. Res. 14: 301–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chichester, F. W. and Richatdson, C. W. 1992. Sediment and nutrient loss from clay soils as affected by tillage. J. Environ. Qual. 21: 587–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clay, S. A., Koskinen, W. C., and Carlson, Paul. 1991. Alachlor movement through intact soil columns taken from two tillage systems. Weed Technol. 5: 485–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, H. P., Rasmussen, P. E., and Douglas, C. L. Jr. 1992. Crop rotation and residue management effects on soil carbon and microbial dynamics. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56: 783–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curran, W. S., Liebl, R. A., and Simmons, F. W. 1992. Effects of tillage and application method on clomazone, imazaquin, and imazethapyr persistence. Weed Sci. 40: 482–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dao, T. H. 1991. Feld decay of wheat straw and its effects on metribuzin and s-ethyl metfibuzin sorption and elution from crop residues. J. Environ. Qual. 20: 203–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dao, T. H. 1995. Subsurface mobility of metribuzin as affected by crop residue placement and tillage method. J. Environ. Qual. 24: 1193–1198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dick, R. P., Rasmussen, P. E., and Kerle, E. A. 1988. Influence of long-term residue management on soil enzyme activities in relation to soil chemical properties of a wheat-fallow system. Biol. Fertil. Soils 6: 159–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dick, W. A. 1983. Organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and pH in soil profiles as affected by tillage inrensiry. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47: 102–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dick, W. A. 1984. Influence of long-term tillage and crop rotation combinations on soil enzyme activities. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48: 569–574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doran, J. W. 1980a. Soil microbial and biochemical changes associated with reduced tillage. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44: 765–771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doran, J. W. 1980b. Microbial changes associated with residue management with reduced tillage. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44: 518–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drees, L. R., Karathanasis, A. D., Wilding, L. P., and Blevins, R. L. 1994. Micromorphological characteristics of long-term no-till and conventionally tilled soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58: 508–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, W. M., Norton, L. D., and Redmond, C. E. 1988. Characterizing macropores that affect infiltration into nontilled soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52: 483–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, W. M., Shipitalo, M. J., Dick, W. A., and Owens, L. B. 1992. Rainfall intensity affects transpott of water and chemicals through macropores in no-till soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56: 52–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwatds, W. M., Shipitalo, M. J., Owens, L. B., and Dick, W. A. 1993. Factors affecting preferential flow of water and atrazine through earthworm burrows under continuous no-till corn. J. Environ. Qual. 22: 453–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eghball, B., Mielke, L. N., Calvo, G. A., and Wilhelm, W. W. 1993. Fractal description of soil fragmentation for various tillage methods and crop sequences. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57: 1337–1341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elmore, C. D., Wesley, R. A., and Heatherly, L. G. 1992. Stale seedbed production of soybeans with a wheat cover crop. J. Soil Water Conserv. 47: 187–190.Google Scholar
Erbach, D. C. and Lovely, W. G. 1975. Effect of plant residue on herbicide performance in no-tillage corn. Weed Sci. 23: 512–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Felsot, A. S., Mitchell, J. K., and Kenimer, A. L. 1990. Assessment of management practices for reducing pesticide runoff from sloping cropland in Illinois. J. Environ. Qual. 19: 539–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferris, I. G., Felton, W. L., Holland, J. F., and Bull, M. S. 1989. Effect of tillage practice on the persistence of atrazine in two contrasting soils in northern New South Wales. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 29: 849–853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franzluebbers, A. J., Hons, F. M., and Zuberer, D. A. 1994. Long-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen pools in wheat management systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58: 1639–1645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaston, L.A., and Locke, M.A. 1996. Bentazon mobility through intact, unsaturated columns of conventional and no-till Dundee soil. J. Environ. Qual. 25: 1350–1356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaston, L. A., Locke, M. A., and Zablotowicz, R. M. 1996. Sorption and degradation of bentazon in conventional- and no-till Dundee soil. J. Environ. Qual. 25: 120–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaynor, J. D. 1992. Microbial hydrolysis of diclofop-methyl in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24: 29–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaynor, J. D., MacTavish, D. C., and Findlay, W. I. 1992. Surface and subsurface transport of atrazine and alachlor from a Brookston clay loam under continuous corn production. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 23: 240–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaynor, J. D., MacTavish, D. C., and Findlay, W. I. 1995. Atrazine and metolachlor loss in surface and subsurface runoff from three tillage treatments in corn. J. Environ. Qual. 24: 246–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaynor, J. D., Stone, J. A., and Vyn, T. J. 1987. Tillage systems and atrazine and alachlor residues on a poorly drained soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 67: 959–963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghadiri, H., Shea, P. J., and Wicks, G. A. 1984a. Interception and retention of atrazine by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stubble. Weed Sci. 32: 24–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghadiri, H. P., Shea, J., Wicks, G. A., and Haderlie, L. C. 1984b. Atrazine dissipation in conventional-till and no-till sorghum. J. Environ. Qual. 13: 549–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gish, T. J., Sadeghi, A., and Wienhold, B. J. 1995a. Volatilization of alachlor and atrazine as influenced by surface litter. Chemosphere 31: 2971–2982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gish, T. J., Shirmohammadi, A., Vyravipillai, R., and Wienhold, B. J. 1995b. Herbicide leaching under tilled and no-tillage fields. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59: 895–901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gish, T. J., Zhuang, W., Helling, C. S., and Kearney, P. C. 1986. Chemical transport under no-till field conditions. Geoderma 38: 251–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenn, S. and Angle, J. S. 1987. Atrazine and simazine in runoff from conventional and no-till corn watersheds. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 18: 273–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gold, A. J. and Loudon, T. L. 1989. Tillage effects on surface runoff water quality from artificially drained cropland. Trans. ASAE 32: 1329–1334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Govi, M., Francioso, O., Ciavatta, C., and Sequi, P. 1992. Influence of long-term residue and fertilizer applications on soil humic substances: a study by electrofocusing. Soil Sci. 154: 8–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granovsky, A. V., McCoy, E. L., Dick, W. A., Shipitalo, M. J., and Edwards, W. M. 1993. Water and chemical transport through long-term no till and plowed soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57: 1560–1567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, J. D., Horton, R., and Baker, J. L. 1995. Crop residue effects on the leaching of sufface-applied chemicals. J. Environ. Qual. 24: 343–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haines, P. J. and Uren, N. C. 1990. Effects of conservation tillage farming on soil microbial biomass, organic marrer and earthworm populations in Northeastern Victoria. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 30: 365–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, A. D. 1905. The Book of the Rothamsted Experiments. London: John Murray. 294 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J. K., Harrwig, N. L., and Hoffman, L. D. 1984. Cyanazine losses in runoff from no-tillage corn in ‘living’ and dead mulches vs. unmulched, conventional tillage. J. Environ. Qual. 13: 105–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J. K. and Mumma, R. O. 1994. Dicamba mobility in conventionally tilled and non tilled soil. Soil Till. Res. 30: 3–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J. K., Mumma, R. O., and Watts, D. W. 1991. Leaching and runoff losses of herbicides in a tilled and untilled field. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 37: 303–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J. K., Murray, M. R., and Harrwig, N. L. 1989. Herbicide leaching and distribution in tilled and untilled soil. J. Environ. Qual. 18: 439–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartzler, R. G., Fawcett, R. S., and Owen, M.D.K. 1989. Effects of tillage on trifluralin residue carryover injury to corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 37: 609–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatfield, J. L. and Stewart, B. A. 1994. Advances in Soil Science: Crops Residue Management. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 220 p.Google Scholar
Heatherly, L. G., Wesley, R. A., Elmore, C. D., and Spurlock, S. R. 1993. Net returns from stale seedbed plantings of soybean (Glycine max) on clay soil. Weed Technol. 7: 972–980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helling, C. S., Zhuang, W., Gish, T. J., Coffman, C. B., Isensee, A. R., Kearney, P. C., Hoagland, D. R., and Woodward, M. D. 1988. Persistence and leaching of atrazine, alachlor, and cyanazine under no-tillage practices. Chemosphere 17: 175–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendrix, P. F., Han, C., and Groffman, P. M. 1988. Soil respiration in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems under different winter cover crop rotations. Soil Till. Res. 12: 135–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hermawan, B. and Cameron, K. C. 1993. Structural changes in a silt loam under long-term conventional or minimum tillage. Soil Till. Res. 26: 139–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, R. L. 1990. Long-term conventional and no-tillage effects on selected soil physical properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54: 161–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoagland, R. E., Zablotowicz, R. M., and Locke, M. A. 1994. Propanil metabolism by rhizosphere microflora. in Anderson, T. A. and Coats, J. R., eds. Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Technology. ACS Symposium Series 563. Washington, DC: ACS Books, pp. 160–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoagland, R. E., Zablotowicz, R. M., and Locke, M. A. 1997. An integrated phytoremediation strategy for chloroacetamide herbicides in soil. in Kruger, E. L., Anderson, T. A., and Coats, J. R., eds. Phytoremediation of Soil and Water Contaminants. ACS Symposium Series. Washington, DC: ACS Books. Symposium Series, Vol. 664 (in press).Google Scholar
Isensee, A. R., Nash, R. G., and Helling, C. S. 1990. Effect of conventional vs. no-tillage on pesticide leaching to shallow groundwater. J. Environ. Qual. 19: 434–440.Google Scholar
Isensee, A. R. and Sadeghi, A. M. 1993. Impact of tillage practice on runoff and pesticide transport. J. Soil Water Conserv. 48: 523–527.Google Scholar
Isensee, A. R. and Sadeghi, A. M. 1994. Effects of tillage and rainfall on atrazine residue levels in soil. J. Environ. Qual. 42: 462–467.Google Scholar
Isensee, A. R. and Sadeghi, A. M. 1995. Long-term effect of tillage and rainfall on herbicide leaching to shallow groundwater. Chemosphere 30: 671–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ismail, I., Blevins, R. L., and Frye, W. W. 1994. Long-term no-tillage effects on soil properties and continuous corn yields. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58: 193–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jayachandran, K., Steinheimer, T. R., Somasundaram, L., Moorman, T. B., Kanwar, R. S., and Coats, J. R. 1994. Occurrence of atrazine and degradates as contaminants of subsurface drainage and shallow groundwater. J. Environ. Qual. 23: 311–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, G. A., Mortensen, D. A., and Gotway, C. A. 1996. Spatial and temporal analysis of weed seedling populations using geostatistics. Weed Sci. 44: 704–710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, R. E., Banks, P. A., and Radcliffe, D. E. 1990. Alachlor and metribuzin movement and dissipation in a soil profile as influenced by soil surface condition. Weed Sci. 38: 589–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kells, J. J., Leep, R. H., Tesar, M. B., Leavitt, R. A., and Cudnohufsky, J. 1990. Effect of atrazine and tillageon alfalfa (Medicago sativa) establishment in corn (Zea mays)-alfalfa rotation. Weed Technol. 4: 360–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kells, J. J., Rieck, C. E., Blevins, R. L., and Muir, W. M. 1980. Atrazine dissipation as affected by surface pH and tillage. Weed Sci. 28: 101–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lal, R., Mahboubi, A. A., and Fausey, N. R. 1994. Long-term tillage and rotation effects on properties of a central Ohio soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58: 517–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levanon, D., Codling, E. E., Meisinger, J. J., and Starr, J. L. 1993. Mobility of agrochemicals through soil from two tillage systems. J. Environ. Qual. 22: 155–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levanon, D., Meisinger, J. J., Codling, E. E., and Starr, J. L. 1994. Impact of tillage on microbial activity and the fate of pesticides in the upper soil. Water Air Soil Pollut. 72: 179–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linn, D. M. and Doran, J. W. 1984. Aerobic and anaerobic microbial populations in no-till and plowed soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48: 794–799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, M. A. 1992. Sorption-desorption kinetics of alachlor in surface soil from two soybean tillage systems. J. Environ. Qual. 21: 558–566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, M. A., Gaston, L. A., and Zablotowicz, R. M. 1996. Alachlor biotransformation and sorption in soil from two soybean tillage systems. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44: 1128–1134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, M. A., Gaston, L. A., and Zabiotowicz, R. M. 1997. Acifluorfen sorption and sorption kinetics in soil. J Agric. Food Chem. In press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, M. A. and Harper, S. S. 1991a. Metribuzin degradation in soil: I—Effects of residue amendment, metribuzin level, and soil depth. Pestic. Sci. 31: 221–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, M. A. and Harper, S. S. 1991b. Metribuzin degradation in soil: II—Effects of tillage. Pestic. Sci. 31: 239–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, M. A. and Zablotowicz, R. M. 1993. Degradation of 2,4-D in no-tillage and conventional tillage soils. Proc. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. 33: 308.Google Scholar
Locke, M. A., Zablotowicz, R. M., and Gaston, L. A. 1995. Fluometuron interactions in crop residue-managed soils. in Kingery, W. L. and Buehring, N., eds. Conservation Farming: A focus on Water Quality. MAFES Special Bulletin 88–7. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi Agricultural Forest Experiment Station, pp. 55–58.Google Scholar
Locke, M. A., Zablotowicz, R. M., Gaston, L. A., and Smeda, R. J. 1994. Sorption of herbicides to cover crop residues. in Agronomy Abstracts. Madison, WI: ASA, p. 50.Google Scholar
Logan, T. J., ed. 1987. Effects of Conservation Tillage on Groundwater Quality: Nitrates and Pesticides. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. 292 p.Google Scholar
Logan, T. J., Eckert, D. J., and Beak, D. G. 1994. Tillage, crop and climatic effects on runoff and tile drainage losses of nitrate and four herbicides. Soil Till. Res. 30: 75–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Logsdon, S. D., Allmaras, R. R., Wu, L., Swan, J. B., and Randall, G. W. 1990. Macroporosity and its relation to saturated hydraulic conductivity under different tillage practices. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54: 1096–1101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mbagwu, J.S.C. and Bazzoffi, P. 1989. Properties of soil aggregates as influenced by tillage properties. Soil Use Manage. 5: 180–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, J. A. and Witt, W. W. 1989a. Effect of tillage systems on the efficacy and phytotoxicity of imazaquin and imazethapyr in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 37: 233–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, J. A. and Witt, W. W. 1989b. Efficacy, phytotoxicity, and persistence of imazaquin, imazethapyr, and clomazone in no-till double-crop soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 37: 353–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, J. A. and Witt, W. W. 1991. Dissipation of imazaquin and imazethapyr under conventional and no-tillage soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 5: 586–591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, J. A., Witt, W. W., and Barrett, M. 1989. Effects of tillage on the efficacy and persistence of clomazone in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 37: 217–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monks, C. D. and Banks, P. A. 1993. Effect of straw, ash, and tillage on dissipation of imazaquin and imazethapyr. Weed Sci. 41: 133–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, S. R. and Cotterill, E. G. 1985. The influence of straw ash on some soil properties that can affect herbicide performance. Soil Till. Res. 5: 361–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munawar, A., Blevins, R. L., Frye, W. W., and Saul, M. R. 1990. Tillage and cover crop management for soil water conservation. Agron. J. 82: 773–777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mwendera, E. J. and Feyen, J. 1993. Predicting tillage effects on infiltration. Soil Sci. 155: 229–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, J. L., Wagger, M. G., and Leidy, R. B. 1995. Chemical movement in relation to tillage system and simulated rainfall intensity. J. Environ. Qual. 24: 1183–1192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oades, J. M. 1993. The role of biology in the formation, stabilization and degradation of soil structure. Geoderma 56: 377–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagliai, M. and DeNobili, M. 1993. Relationships between soil porosity, root development and soil enzyme activity in cultivated soils. Geoderma 56: 243–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagliai, M., Raglione, M., Panini, T., Maletta, M., and La Marca, M. 1995. The structure of two alluvial soils in Italy after 10 years of conventional and minimum tillage. Soil Till. Res. 34: 209–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pantone, D. J., Potter, K. N., Torbert, H. A., and Morrison, J. E. 1996. Atrazine loss in runoff from no-tillage and chisel-tillage systems on a Houston Black clay soil. J. Environ. Qual. 25: 572–577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, R. E. and Phillips, S. H., eds. 1984. No-tillage Agriculture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. 306 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasmussen, P. E. and Parton, W. J. 1994. Long-term effects of residue management in wheat-fallow: I. Inputs, yield, and soil organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58: 523–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, K. N. and Locke, M. A. 1994. Prediction of soil sorption (Koc) of herbicides using semiempirical molecular properties. Weed Sci. 42: 453–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, K. N. and Locke, M. A. 1996. Imazaquin spray retention, foliar washoff, and runoff losses under simulated rainfall. Pestic. Sci. 48: 179–187.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, K. N., Locke, M. A., and Bryson, C. T. 1994. Foliar washoff and runoff losses of lactofen, norflurazon, and fluometuron under simulated rainfall. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42: 2338–2343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, K. N., Locke, M. A., and Howard, K. D. 1995a. Bentazon spray retention, activity, and foliar washoff in weed species. Weed Technol. 9: 773–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, K. N., Locke, M. A., Wagner, S. C., Zablotowicz, R. M., Gaston, L. A., and Smeda, R. J. 1995b. Chlorimuron ethyl sorption and desorption kinetics in soils and herbicide-desiccated cover crop residues. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2752–2757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, K. N., Zablotowicz, R. M., and Locke, M. A. 1995c. Chlorimuron adsorption, desorption, and degradation in soils from conventional and no-tillage systems. J. Environ. Qual. 24: 760–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renner, K. A., Meggitt, W. F., and Leavitt, R. A. 1988. Influence of rate, method of application, and tillage on imazaquin persistence in soil. Weed Sci. 36: 90–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothrock, C. S. and Hargrove, W. L. 1988. Influence of legume cover crops and conservation tillage on soil populations of selected fungal genera. Can. J. Microbiol. 34: 201–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sauer, T. J. and Daniel, T. C. 1987. Effect of tillage system on runoff losses of surface applied pesticides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51: 410–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schjonning, P. and Rasmussen, K. J. 1989. Long-term cultivation: I. Soil strength and stability. Soil Till. Res. 15: 79–90.Google Scholar
Seta, A. K., Blevins, R. L., Frye, W. W., and Barfield, B. J. 1993. Reducing soil erosion and agricultural chemical losses with conservation tillage. J. Environ. Qual. 22: 661–665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shipitalo, M. J., Edwards, W. M., Dick, W. A., and Owens, L. B. 1990. Initial storm effects on macropore transport of surface applied chemicals in no-till soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54: 1530–1536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigua, G. C., Isensee, A. R., and Sadeghi, A. M. 1993. Influence of rainfall intensity and crop residue on leaching of atrazine through intact no-till soil cores. Soil Sci. 156: 225–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigua, G. C., Isensee, A. R., and Sadeghi, A. M. 1995. Influence of tillage, antecedent moisture, and rainfall timing on atrazine transport. Weed Sci. 43: 134–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S., Schreiber, J. D., and Cullum, R. F. 1995. Upland soybean production: surface and shallow groundwater quality as affected by tillage and herbicide use. Trans. ASAE 38: 1061–1068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staley, T. E. 1988. Carbon, nitrogen, and gaseous profiles in a humid, temperate region, maize field soil under no-tillage. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 19: 625–642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staley, T. E., Edwards, W. M., Scott, C. L., and Owens, L. B. 1988. Soil microbial biomass and organic component alterations in a no-tillage chronosequence. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52: 998–1005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starr, J. L. and Glotfelty, D. E. 1990. Atrazine and bromide movement through a silt loam soil. J. Environ. Qual. 19: 552–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stearman, G. K., Lewis, R. J., Tortorelli, L. J., and Tyler, D. D. 1989. Herbicide reactivity of soil organic matter fractions in no-tilled and tilled cotton. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53: 1690–1694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stehouwer, R. C., Dick, W. A., and Traina, S. J. 1994. Sorption and retention of herbicides in vertically oriented earthworm and artificial burrows. J. Environ. Qual. 23: 286–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thelen, K. D., Kells, J. K., and Penner, D. 1988. Comparison of application methods and tillage practices on volatilization of clomazone. Weed Technol. 2: 323–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. P. 1992. Soil biotic and biochemical factors in a long-term tillage and stubble management experiment on vertisol. 2. Nitrogen deficiency with zero tillage and stubble retention. Soil Till. Res. 22: 339–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unger, P. W. 1994. Managing Agricultural Residues. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 448 p.Google Scholar
Van Gestel, M., Ladd, J. N., and Amato, M. 1992. Microbial biomass responses to seasonal change and imposed drying regimes at increasing depths of undisturbed topsoil profiles. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24: 103–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagger, M. G. 1989. Time of desiccation effects on plant composition and subsequent nitrogen release from several winter annual cover crops. Agron. J. 81: 236–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagger, M. G. and Denton, H. P. 1992. Crop and tillage rotations: grain yield, residue cover, and soil water. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56: 1233–1237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, S. C., Zablotowicz, R. M., Gaston, L. A., Locke, M. A., and Kinsella, J. 1996. Bentazon degradation in soil: Influence of tillage and history of bentazon application. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44: 1593–1598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, S. C., Zablotowicz, R. M., Locke, M. A., Smeda, R. J., and Bryson, C. T. 1995. Influence of herbicide-desiccated cover crops on biological soil quality in the Mississippi Delta. in Kingery, W. L. and Buehring, N., eds. Conservation Farming: A Focus on Water Quality. MAFES Special Bulletin 88-7. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi Agricultural Forest Experiment Station, pp. 86–89.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. D., DeFelice, M. S., and Sims, B. D. 1993. Influence of tillage on soybean (Glycine max) herbicide carryover to grass and legume forage crops in Missouri. Weed Sci. 41: 144–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wauchope, R. D., Williams, R. G., and Marti, L. R. 1990. Runoff of sulfometuron-methyl and cyanazine from small plots: effects of formulation and grass cover. J. Environ. Qual. 19: 119–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, E. P. and Shaw, D. R. 1996. Off-site runoff losses of metolachlor and metribuzin applied to differing soybean (Glycine max) production systems. Weed Technol. 10: 556–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weill, A. N., de Kimpe, C. R., and McKyes, E. 1988. Effect of tillage reduction and fertilizer on soil macro- and microaggregation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 68: 489–500.Google Scholar
Whang, J. M., Schomburg, C. J., Glotfetly, D. E., and Taylor, A. W. 1993. Volatilization of fonofos, chlorpyrifos, and atrazine from conventional and no-till surface soils in the field. J. Environ. Qual. 22: 173–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wienhold, B. J. and Gish, T. J. 1994. Effect of formulation and tillage-practice on volatilization of atrazine and alachlor. J. Environ. Qual. 23: 292–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiese, A. F., ed. 1985. Weed control in limited-tillage systems. Weed Science Society of America Monograph No. 2. Champaign, IL, 297 p.Google Scholar
Woods, L. E. 1989. Active otganic matter distribution in the surface 15 cm of undisturbed and cultivated soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils 8: 271–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoo, K. H. and Touchton, J. T. 1989. Runoff and soil loss by crop growth stage under three cotton tillage systems. J. Soil Water Conserv. 44: 225–228.Google Scholar
Zablotowicz, R. M., Hoagland, R. E., and Locke, M. A. 1994. Glutathione-S-transferase activity in rhizosphere bacteria and the potential for herbicide detoxification. in Anderson, T. A. and Coats, J. R., eds. Bioremediation Through Rhizosphere Technology. ACS Symposium Series 563. Washington, DC: ACS Books, pp. 184–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zablotowicz, R. M., Locke, M. A., and Hoagland, R. E. 1996. Aromatic nitroreduction of acifluorfen in soils, rhizospheres, and pure cultures of rhizobacteria. in Kruger, E. L., Anderson, T. A., and Coats, J. R., eds. Phytoremediation of Soil and Water Contaminants. ACS Symposium Series. Washington, DC: ACS Books, Symposium Series Vol. 664 (in press).Google Scholar
Zablotowicz, R. M., Locke, M. A., and Kinsella, J. 1993. Impact of no-till practices on soil microbial populations and 2,4-D degradation. in Agronomy Abstracts. Madison, WI: ASA, p. 264.Google Scholar