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Herbicidal Activity of UCC-C4243 and Acifluorfen is Due to Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Terry R. Wright ,
E. Patrick Fuerst ,
Alex G. Ogg Jr. ,
Ujjana B. Nandihalli  and
Hee Jae Lee
Terry R. Wright
Affiliation:
Grad. Res. Asst. and Asst. Prof., Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6420; Plant Physiol., U.S. Dep Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Pullman, WA 99164-6416; and Plant Physiols., U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776
E. Patrick Fuerst
Affiliation:
Grad. Res. Asst. and Asst. Prof., Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6420; Plant Physiol., U.S. Dep Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Pullman, WA 99164-6416; and Plant Physiols., U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776
Alex G. Ogg Jr.
Affiliation:
Grad. Res. Asst. and Asst. Prof., Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6420; Plant Physiol., U.S. Dep Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Pullman, WA 99164-6416; and Plant Physiols., U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776
Ujjana B. Nandihalli
Affiliation:
Grad. Res. Asst. and Asst. Prof., Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6420; Plant Physiol., U.S. Dep Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Pullman, WA 99164-6416; and Plant Physiols., U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776
Hee Jae Lee
Affiliation:
Grad. Res. Asst. and Asst. Prof., Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6420; Plant Physiol., U.S. Dep Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Pullman, WA 99164-6416; and Plant Physiols., U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776
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Abstract

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the mode of action of soil- and foliar-applied UCC-C4243. Experiments demonstrated that UCC-C4243 required light for phytotoxicity, phytotoxic symptoms were similar to inhibitors of porphyrin synthesis such as acifluorfen, and UCC-C4243 potently inhibited protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Germination and emergence of field pennycress and lentil in the dark were not affected by soil-incorporated UCC-C4243 at rates more than 10 times greater than like treatments that killed all plants in the light. Soil-incorporated UCC-C4243 required light for activity and killed seedlings within 1 d after emergence; sublethal doses caused desiccation, veinal necrosis, and leaf deformation. Field pennycress and lentil were susceptible to soil-incorporated UCC-C4243 and acifluorfen in the light, but were 5 to 93 times less sensitive to the herbicides in the dark. Wheat was not affected by either herbicide in the light or dark. Injury symptoms from UCC-C4243 applied POST to redroot pigweed were similar to symptoms from diphenyl ether and bipyridinium herbicides: rapid, light-dependent chlorophyll bleaching, desiccation, and necrosis. UCC-C4243, acifluorfen-methyl, and acifluorfen acid caused light- and concentration-dependent chlorophyll bleaching and electrolyte leakage from cucumber leaf disks (I50 = 1.0, 1.8, and 4.3 μM, respectively). An inhibitor of the porphyrin synthesis pathway, 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid, almost completely inhibited herbicide-induced electrolyte leakage. δ-Aminolevulinic acid, a tetrapyrrole precursor and stimulator of the porphyrin synthesis pathway, caused synergistic effects with each herbicide. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase from barley etioplast preparations was inhibited 50% by 40 nM UCC-C4243. Barley leaf sections treated with 100 μM UCC-C4243 accumulated protoporphyrin IX in vivo to levels > 75 times non-treated controls. These data indicate the light-requiring herbicide activity of UCC-C4243, like acifluorfen, is due to inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase.

Keywords

Acifluorfen, 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid and methyl esterUCC-C4243, 2-chloro-5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl] benzoic acid, 1-methylethyl esterfield pennycress, Thlaspi arvense L. #3 THLARredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMAREbarley, Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Morex’cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. ‘Boston Pickling’lentil, Lens esculenta L. ‘Brewer’soft white spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Edwall.’Photodynamic herbicidesporphyrin synthesis pathwayCucumis sativusHordeum vulgareLens esculentaPisum sativumTriticum aestivumAMARETHLAR
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 43 , Issue 1 , March 1995 , pp. 47 - 54
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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