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Glyphosate Toxicity to Common Milkweed and Hemp Dogbane as Influenced by Surfactants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

J.B. Wyrill III  and
O.C. Burnside
J.B. Wyrill III
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Neb Lincoln, NE 68583
O.C. Burnside
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Neb Lincoln, NE 68583
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Abstract

Surfactants were evaluated in the greenhouse for their ability to enhance glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] toxicity to common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) and hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum L.). Ethoxylated amines were among the most effective groups of surfactants. Nonionic ether and ester ethoxylates combined with a dimethyl amine or a quaternary ammonium salt were more effective than any of these surfactants alone. Effectiveness of ethoxylated amine surfactants was altered by pH changes. Cat-ionic surfactants tended to be more effective than nonionic surfactants. With exceptions, surfactants were more effective with increased ethoxylation. Amine surfactant effectiveness increased with increasing concentrations up to 0.3% (w/v). Surfactant effectiveness on a molar basis was more closely related to the ethylene oxide content of the surfactant than was effectiveness on a percentage basis. Contact angle was not related to surfactant effectiveness at high or low surfactant concentrations. Ethoxylated stearyl ether and amine surfactants gave optimum effectiveness at hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values of 15 to 16 and 19 to 20, respectively. Surfactants with a low HLB were usually less effective. Effectiveness of surfactant combinations was quite variable and difficult to predict. Therefore, the indiscriminate addition of surfactants to glyphosate spray mixtures which already contain a surfactant should be avoided.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , May 1977 , pp. 275 - 287
Copyright
Copyright © 1977 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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