Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:18:48.719Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Germination biology of three populations of Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2020

Aakansha Chadha Open the ORCID record for Aakansha Chadha [Opens in a new window] ,
Singarayer K. Florentine Open the ORCID record for Singarayer K. Florentine [Opens in a new window] ,
Kunjithapatham Dhileepan ,
Kim Dowling  and
Christopher Turville
Aakansha Chadha*
Affiliation:
Ph.D Scholar, School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
Singarayer K. Florentine
Affiliation:
Professor, School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
Kunjithapatham Dhileepan
Affiliation:
Senior Principal Scientist, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
Kim Dowling
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria3350, Australia; and Associate Professor, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
Christopher Turville
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer, School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Victoria, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Aakansha Chadha, School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, VIC3350, Australia. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Navua sedge [Cyperus aromaticus (Ridley) Mattf. & Kük.] is an aggressive perennial sedge native to equatorial Africa that has become problematic in many Pacific islands and wet, tropical Queensland, Australia. It has had a significant impact on the livestock-grazing industry, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and banana (Musa acuminata Colla) plantations, and various other ecosystems. A laboratory-based research investigation was conducted to understand germination and emergence requirements under various environmental conditions of three geographically varied populations sourced from South Johnstone (SJ), Mackay (M) and Nyleta Creek (NC) in Queensland. Germination was identified to be stimulated by light, with no germination recorded under darkness. Populations SJ and NC had optimal germination at alternating temperatures of 25/15, 30/20, and 35/25 C, whereas population M had optimal germination at 25/15 and 30/20 C. All populations recorded greater than 85% germination at all pH levels tested. Seeds of population SJ were more sensitive to salinity compared with populations M and NC, with SJ showing no germination at 100 mM, whereas populations M and NC had 23% and 9% germination, respectively. An inverse relationship was observed between osmotic potential and germination, with no germination recorded at osmotic potentials below −0.8 MPa in any population, indicating moisture availability is a critical requirement for germination. Exposing seeds to 120 C radiant heat completely inhibited germination in populations M and NC, whereas 3% of population SJ germinated following a 180-s exposure at 120 C. Seedling emergence decreased as planting depth increased. Emergence was greatest for seeds on the soil surface or at 0.5-cm burial depth, consistent with germination being stimulated by light. Knowledge of these biological characteristics of C. aromaticus seed germination will assist in investigation of suitable control actions for this species, particularly in the early stage of its invasion into new areas, and will contribute to significant reduction in the soil seedbank.

Keywords

Burial depthemergenceKyllinga polyphyllalightseedweed ecology
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 69 , Issue 1 , January 2021 , pp. 69 - 81
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Hilary A. Sandler, University of Massachusetts

References

Aikio, S, Duncan, RP, Hulme, PE (2010) Lag-phases in alien plant invasions: separating the facts from the artefacts. Oikos 119:370–378 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, SCH (2015) Influences of clonality on plant sexual reproduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:8859–8866 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baskin, C, Baskin, J (2014) Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Elsevier/Academic Press. 1600 p Google Scholar
Baskin, CC, Baskin, JM (1998) Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and, Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. New York: Elsevier. 680 p Google Scholar
Baskin, CC, Baskin, JM, Chester, EW (1993) Seed germination ecophysiology of four summer annual mudflat species of Cyperaceae. Aquat Bot 45:41–52 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, CC, Baskin, JM, Chester, EW (2004) Seed germination ecology of the summer annual Cyperus squarrosus in an unpredictable mudflat habitat. Acta Oecologica 26:9–14 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, JM, Baskin, CC (1976) Effect of photoperiod on germination of Cyperus inflexus seeds. Bot Gaz 137: 269–273 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batlla, D, Benech-Arnold, RL (2014) Weed seed germination and the light environment: implications for weed management. Weed Biol Manag 14:77–87 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benson, A (1992) Navua sedge—potential problem weed for north Queensland. BSES Bull 37:14–15 Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S (2003) Soil texture involvement in germination and emergence of buried weed seeds. Agron J 95:191–198 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benvenuti, S, Macchia, M, Miele, S (2001) Quantitative analysis of emergence of seedlings from buried weed seeds with increasing soil depth. Weed Sci 49:528–535 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bittencourt, H, Bonome, L, Trezzi, M, Vidal, R, Lana, M (2017) Seed germination ecology of Eragrostis plana, an invasive weed of South American pasture lands. S Afr J Bot 109:246–252 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, I (1984) Navua sedge in pastures in Fiji. Aust Weeds 3:16–25 Google Scholar
Bliss, RD, Platt-Aloia, KA, Thomson, WW (1986) Osmotic sensitivity in relation to salt sensitivity in germinating barley seeds. Plant Cell Environ 9:721–725 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryson, C, Carter, R (2004) Biology of pathways for invasive weeds. Weed Technol 18:1216–1220 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bureau of Meteorology (2019) Climate Statistics for Australian Locations. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data. Accessed: December 26, 2019Google Scholar
Cai, W, Crimp, S, Jones, R, McInnes, K, Durack, P, Cechet, B, Bathols, J, Wilkinson, S (2005) Climate Change in Queensland under Enhanced Greenhouse Conditions. Aspendale, VIC, Australia: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research. 81 p Google Scholar
Carrillo-Gavilán, A, Espelta, JM, Vilà, M (2012) Establishment constraints of an alien and a native conifer in different habitats. Biol Invasions 14:1279–1289 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chachalis, D, Reddy, KN (2000) Factors affecting Campsis radicans seed germination and seedling emergence. Weed Sci 48:212–216 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chadha, A, Florentine, S, Chauhan, BS, Long, B, Jayasundera, M, Javaid, MM, Turville, C (2019) Environmental factors affecting the germination and seedling emergence of two populations of an emerging agricultural weed: wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola ) Crop Pasture Sci 70:709–717 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Gill, G, Preston, C (2006) Factors affecting seed germination of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) in southern Australia. Weed Sci 54:854–860 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2008) Seed germination and seedling emergence of giant sensitiveplant (Mimosa invisa). Weed Sci 56:244–248 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2009) Ecological studies on Cyperus difformis, Cyperus iria and Fimbristylis miliacea: three troublesome annual sedge weeds of rice. Ann Appl Biol 155:103–112 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chozin, MA, Nakagawa, K (1988) Autecological studies on Cyperus iria L. and C. microiria Steud., annual Cyperaceous weeds. I. Seed dormancy, germination, and seedling emergence. J Weed Sci Technol 33:23–30 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coolbear, P, Francis, A, Grierson, D (1984) The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment on the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds. J Exp Bot 35:1609–1617 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuneo, P, Offord, CA, Leishman, MR (2010) Seed ecology of the invasive woody plant African olive (Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata): implications for management and restoration. Aust J Bot 58:342–348 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dang, YP, Christopher, JT, Dalal, RC (2016) Genetic diversity in barley and wheat for tolerance to soil constraints. Agron 6:55 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Caritat, P, Cooper, M, Wilford, J (2011) The pH of Australian soils: field results from a national survey. Soil Res 49:173–182 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derakhshan, A, Gherekhloo, J (2013) Factors affecting Cyperus difformis seed germination and seedling emergence. Planta Daninha 31:823–832 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiTomaso, JM (2000) Invasive weeds in rangelands: species, impacts, and management. Weed Sci 48:255–265 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiTommaso, A (2004) Germination behavior of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) populations across a range of salinities. Weed Sci 52:1002–1009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farooq, M, Hussain, M, Wakeel, A, Siddique, KHM (2015) Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 35:461–481 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenner, M, Thompson, K (2005) The Ecology of Seeds. New York: Cambridge University Press. 264 p CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghorbani, R, Seel, W, Leiferr, C (1999) Effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of Amaranthus retroflexus . Weed Sci 47:505–510 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gulzar, S, Hameed, A, Alatar, AA, Hegazy, AK, Khan, MA (2013) Seed germination ecology of Cyperus arenarius—a sand binder from Karachi coast. Pak J Bot 45:493–496 Google Scholar
Hao, J-H, Lv, S-S, Bhattacharya, S, Fu, J-G (2017) Germination response of four alien congeneric Amaranthus species to environmental factors. PLoS ONE 12:e0170297 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoyle, JA, McElroy, JS, Guertal, EA (2013) Soil texture and planting depth affect large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), Virginia buttonweed (Diodia virginiana), and cock’s-comb kyllinga (Kyllinga squamulata) emergence. HortScience 48:633–636 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iqbal, N, Manalil, S, Chauhan, BS, Adkins, SW (2019) Germination biology of sesbania (Sesbania cannabina): an emerging weed in the Australian cotton agro-environment. Weed Sci 67:68–76 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaureguiberry, P, Díaz, S (2015) Post-burning regeneration of the Chaco seasonally dry forest: germination response of dominant species to experimental heat shock. Oecologia 177:689–699 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeffery, DJ, Holmes, PM, Rebelo, AG (1988) Effects of dry heat on seed germination in selected indigenous and alien legume species in South Africa. S Afr J Bot 54:28–34 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kader, MA (2005) A comparison of seed germination calculation formulae and the associated interpretation of resulting data. J Proc R Soc New South Wales 138:65–75 Google Scholar
Karan, B (1975) Studies of Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus). 1. Review of the problem and study of morphology, seed output and germination. Fiji Agric J 37:59–67 Google Scholar
Keblawy, AE, Neyadi, SSA, Rao, MV, Al-Marzouqi, AH (2011) Interactive effects of salinity, light and temperature on seed germination of sand dunes glycophyte Cyprus conglomeratus growing in the United Arab Emirates deserts. Seed Sci Technol 39:364–376 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leck, MA, Schütz, W (2005) Regeneration of Cyperaceae, with particular reference to seed ecology and seed banks. Perspectives Plant Ecol Evol Syst 7:95–133 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenda, M, Skórka, P, Knops, JMH, Moroń, D, Tworek, S, Woyciechowski, M (2012) Plant establishment and invasions: an increase in a seed disperser combined with land abandonment causes an invasion of the non-native walnut in Europe. Proc R Soc B 279:1491–1497 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, JM, Murrell, DJ (2003) The community-level consequences of seed dispersal patterns. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 34:549–574 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loddo, D, Carlesi, S, Da Cunha, ATP (2019) Germination of Chloris barbata, Cynodon dactylon, and Cyperus rotundus from Angola at constant and alternate temperatures. Agron 9:615 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loura, D, Sahil, u, Florentine, S, Chauhan, BS (2020) Germination ecology of hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) and its implications for weed management. Weed Sci 68:411–417 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, DB, Whitwell, T, McCarty, LB, Bridges, WC (1999) Kyllinga brevifolia, K. squamulata, and K. pumila seed germination as influenced by temperature, light, and nitrate. Weed Sci 47: 657–661 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mack, RN, Simberloff, D, Mark Lonsdale, W, Evans, H, Clout, M, Bazzaz, FA (2000) Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecol Appl 10:689–710 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahfuza, B, Juraimi, AS, Rajan, A, Bin Man, A, Rastans, BS, Omar, S (2006) The effects of sowing depth and flooding on the emergence, survival, and growth of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. Weed Biol Manag 6:157–164 Google Scholar
McAlpine, KG, Jesson, LK (2008) Linking seed dispersal, germination and seedling recruitment in the invasive species Berberis darwinii (Darwin’s barberry). Plant Ecol 197:119–129 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molin, WT, Khan, RA, Barinbaum, RB, Kopec, DM (1997) Green kyllinga (Kyllinga brevifolia): germination and herbicidal control. Weed Sci 45:546–550 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nosratti, I, Almaleki, S, Chauhan, BS (2019) Seed germination ecology of soldier thistle (Picnomon acarna): an invasive weed of rainfed crops in Iran. Weed Sci 67:261–266 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, W, Cuthbertson, E (1992) Noxious Weeds of Australia. Melbourne, Australia: Inkata Press. 692 p Google Scholar
Pedroso, RM, Dourado Neto, D, Victoria Filho, R, Fischer, AJ, Al-Khatib, K (2019) Modeling germination of smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis L.) seeds from rice fields in California across suboptimal temperatures. Weed Technol 33:733–738 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfeiffer, T, Günzel, C, Frey, W (2008) Clonal reproduction, vegetative multiplication and habitat colonisation in Tussilago farfara (Asteraceae): a combined morpho-ecological and molecular study. Flora-Morphol Distrib Funct Ecol Plants 203:281–291 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prentis, PJ, Wilson, JR, Dormontt, EE, Richardson, DM, Lowe, AJ (2008) Adaptive evolution in invasive species. Trends Plant Sci 13:288–294 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Presotto, A, Poverene, M, Cantamutto, M (2014) Seed dormancy and hybridization effect of the invasive species, Helianthus annuus . Ann Appl Biol 164:373–383 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pyšek, P, Richardson, DM (2007) Traits associated with invasiveness in alien plants: where do we stand? Pages 97–125 in Nentwig, W, ed. Biological Invasions. Berlin: Springer CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redondo-Gómez, S, Andrades-Moreno, L, Parra, R, Mateos-Naranjo, E, Sánchez-Lafuente, AM (2011) Factors influencing seed germination of Cyperus capitatus, inhabiting the moving sand dunes in southern Europe. J Arid Environ 75:309–312 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, DM, Pysek, P, Rejmanek, M, Barbour, MG, Panetta, FD, West, CJ (2000) Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Divers Distrib 6:93–107 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rivero, RM, Mestre, TC, Mittler, R, Rubio, F, Garcia-Sanchez, F, Martinez, V (2014) The combined effect of salinity and heat reveals a specific physiological, biochemical and molecular response in tomato plants. Plant Cell Environ 37:1059–1073 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saatkamp, A, Affre, L, Dutoit, T, Poschlod, P (2011) Germination traits explain soil seed persistence across species: the case of Mediterranean annual plants in cereal fields. Ann Bot 107:415–426 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sakai, AK, Allendorf, FW, Holt, JS, Lodge, DM, Molofsky, J, Kimberly, A, Baughman, S, Cabin, RJ, Cohen, JE, Ellstrand, NC, McCauley, DE, O’Neil, P, Parker, IM, Thompson, JN, Weller, SG (2001) The population biology of invasive species. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 32:305–332 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schütz, W (2000) Ecology of seed dormancy and germination in sedges (Carex). Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 3:67–89 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spalazzi, F, Tecco, P, Funes, G (2019) Overcoming lag phase: do regenerative attributes onset Acacia dealbata spread in a newly invaded system? Aust J Bot 67:46–54 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Theoharides, KA, Dukes, JS (2007) Plant invasion across space and time: factors affecting nonindigenous species success during four stages of invasion. New Phytol 176:256–273 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thullen, RJ, Keeley, PE (1979). Seed production and germination in Cyperus esculentus and C. rotundus . Weed Sci 27:502–505 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van de Venter, HA, Esterhuizen, AD (1988) The effect of factors associated with fire on seed germination of Erica sessiliflora and E. hebecalyx (Ericaceae). S Afr J Bot 54:301–304 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Waes, JM, Debergh, PC (1986) Adaptation of the tetrazolium method for testing the seed viability, and scanning electron microscopy study of some Western European orchids. Physiol Plant 66:435–442 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitelli, JS, Madigan, BA, van Haaren, PE (2010) Control techniques and management strategies for the problematic Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus) . Invasive Plant Sci Manag 3:315–326 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitfield, L, Queensland Dept of Environment and Resource Management (2010) Climate Change in Queensland: What the Science Is Telling Us. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence, Department of Environment and Resource Management. 100 p Google Scholar
Willis, AJ, McKay, R, Vranjic, JA, Kilby, MJ, Groves, RH (2003) Comparative seed ecology of the endangered shrub, Pimelea spicata and a threatening weed, bridal creeper: smoke, heat and other fire-related germination cues. Ecol Manage Restor 4:55–65 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodstock, L (1988) Seed imbibition: a critical period for successful germination. J Seed Technol 12:1–15 Google Scholar
Woolley, JT, Stoller, EW (1978) Light penetration and light-induced seed germination in soil. Plant Physiol 61:597 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed