Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T03:17:04.795Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Freezing Resistance of Overwintering Buds of Four Perennial Weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Wanda K. Schimming  and
Calvin G. Messersmith
Wanda K. Schimming
Affiliation:
Agron. Dep., North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
Calvin G. Messersmith
Affiliation:
Agron. Dep., North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The freezing resistance of overwintering buds of four perennial weed species was evaluated in artificial freezing experiments conducted in the winters of 1986 and 1987. Survival, dry weight of surviving shoots, and number of shoots produced/surviving section were determined at −4, −8, −12, −16, and −20 C for Canada thistle roots, leafy spurge roots, leafy spurge crowns, perennial sowthistle roots, and quackgrass rhizomes. The temperature required to reduce survival (LT50) and total dry weight (GR50) by 50% was determined. The response to freezing temperatures varied among species and in some cases between years. The LT50 was −7, −13, colder than −20, −17, and colder than −20, and the GR50 was −5, −11, −14, −15, and −13 for Canada thistle roots, leafy spurge roots, leafy spurge crowns, perennial sowthistle roots, and quackgrass rhizomes, respectively. The relative susceptibility to freezing among species appears to be directly related to the depth at which the overwintering buds generally are located.

Keywords

Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. #3 CIRARleafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. # EPHESperennial sowthistle, Sonchus arvensis L. # SONARquackgrass, Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. #AGRRECold temperatureAgropyron repensCirsium arvenseEuphorbia esulaSonchus arvensisAGRRECIRAREPHESSONAR
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 36 , Issue 5 , September 1988 , pp. 568 - 573
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Amy, A. C. 1932. Variations in the organic reserves in underground parts of five perennial weeds from late April to November. Univ. Minn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 84.Google Scholar
2. Ball, W. S. and Larsen, J. K. 1985. Winter wheat survival; no-till planting gives the needed edge. Crops Soils Mag. 37(8): 21–23.Google Scholar
3. Ball, W. S., Riveland, N., Fanning, C., McMullen, M., Van Der Puy, D., and Cox, D. 1986. Winter wheat production in North Dakota. North Dakota Coop. Ext. Serv. Bull. 33.Google Scholar
4. Burke, M. J., Gusta, L. V., Quamme, H. A., Weiser, C. J., and Li, P. H. 1976. Freezing and injury in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 27:507–528.Google Scholar
5. Dexter, S. T. 1937. The winterhardiness of weeds. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 29:507–528.Google Scholar
6. Dexter, S. T. 1956. The evaluation of crop plants for winter hardiness. Adv. Agron. 8:203–239.Google Scholar
7. Dunham, R. S., Buckholtz, K. P., Derscheid, L. A., Grigsby, B. H., Helgeson, E. A., and Staniforth, D. W. 1956. Quackgrass control. North Cent. Reg. Publ. 71.Google Scholar
8. Larsen, J. K., Brun, L. J., and Enz, J. W. 1983. The effect of snow depth on winter wheat survival. North Dakota Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Rep. 96.Google Scholar
9. Levitt, J. 1980. Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses. Volume I. Chilling, Freezing, and High Temperature Stresses. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
10. McWhorter, C. G. 1972. Factors affecting johnsongrass rhizome production and germination. Weed Sci. 20:41–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Miller, S. D. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1985. Weed spectrum change and control in reduced-till wheat. North Dakota Farm Res. 43(1):11–14.Google Scholar
12. Raju, M.V.S. 1985. Morphology and anatomy of leafy spurge. Pages 26–41 in Watson, A. K., ed. Leafy Spurge. Monogr. Ser. No. 3. Weed Sci. Soc. Am., Champaign, IL 61820.Google Scholar
13. Staniforth, D. W. and Wiese, A. F. 1985. Weed biology and its relationship to weed control in limited-tillage systems. Pages 15–25 in Wiese, A. F., ed. Weed Control in Limited-Tillage Systems. Weed Sci. Soc. Am., Champaign, IL 61820.Google Scholar
14. Stoller, E. W. 1973. Effect of minimum soil temperature on differential distribution of Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus in the United States. Weed Res. 13:209–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Stoller, E. W. 1977. Differential cold tolerance of quackgrass and johnsongrass rhizomes. Weed Sci. 25:348–351.Google Scholar
16. Stoller, E. W. and Wax, L. M. 1973. Yellow nutsedge shoot emergence and tuber longevity. Weed Sci. 21:76–81.Google Scholar
17. Triplett, G. B. Jr. and Lytle, G. D. 1972. Control and ecology of weeds in continuous corn grown without tillage. Weed Sci. 20:453–457.Google Scholar