Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T12:09:49.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factors Affecting the Outcrossing Rate between Clearfield™ Rice and Red Rice (Oryza sativa)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Vinod K. Shivrain ,
Nilda R. Burgos ,
Marites A. Sales ,
Andy Mauromoustakos ,
David R. Gealy ,
Kenneth L. Smith ,
Howard L. Black  and
Melissa Jia
Vinod K. Shivrain
Affiliation:
Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Nilda R. Burgos*
Affiliation:
Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Marites A. Sales
Affiliation:
Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Andy Mauromoustakos
Affiliation:
Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
David R. Gealy
Affiliation:
Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160
Kenneth L. Smith
Affiliation:
University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, Monticello, AR 71656
Howard L. Black
Affiliation:
Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160
Melissa Jia
Affiliation:
Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The commercialization of imazethapyr-resistant (Clearfield™, CL) rice in the southern United States has raised serious concerns about gene flow to red rice, producing imazethapyr-resistant red rice populations. Our objectives were to determine the impact of planting date, CL cultivars, and red rice biotypes on outcrossing rate; and to investigate the relative contribution of flowering time of CL rice and red rice biotypes, together with air temperature and relative humidity (RH), on outcrossing rate. Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart, Rohwer, and Kibler, AR, from 2005 to 2007, at three or four planting times from mid-April to late May. ‘CL161’ (inbred cultivar) and ‘CLXL8’ (hybrid) rice were planted in nine-row plots, with red rice planted in the middle row. Twelve red rice biotypes were used. The flowering of red rice and CL rice, air temperature, and RH were recorded. Red rice seeds were collected at maturity. To estimate outcrossing rate, resistance to imazethapyr was evaluated in subsequent years and confirmed using rice microsatellite markers. CLXL8 rice flowered 2 to 4 d earlier than CL161 rice, and flowering was completed within 1 wk in all plantings. The flowering duration of most red rice biotypes ranged from 4 to 17 d. Flowering synchrony of red rice biotypes and CL rice ranged from 0 to 100% at different plantings. In general, CLXL8 had greater flowering overlap and higher outcrossing rate with red rice than did CL161 rice. The outcrossing rate of red rice biotypes ranged from 0 to 0.21% and 0 to 1.26% with CL161 and CLXL8 rice, respectively. The outcrossing rate differed within each planting date (P < 0.05). Outcrossing was generally lower in mid-May and late May than in mid-April and late April planting times. Flowering synchrony and outcrossing rate were not correlated (r2 < 0.01). Outcrossing with CL161 was primarily influenced by red rice biotype. A minimum air temperature of > 24 C in the evening also favors outcrossing with CL161. With CLXL8 rice, outcrossing was most affected by RH. When RH was < 54%, outcrossing was less (0.12%) than when RH was ≥ 54% (0.38%). With CLXL8 rice, a minimum RH of ≥ 54%, from mid-morning to noon, increased outcrossing with red rice. To fully understand the interaction effects of these factors on outcrossing with red rice, controlled experiments are needed.

Keywords

ImazethapyrRed rice, Oryza sativa L.Rice, Oryza sativa L. ORYSA.Acetolactate synthase (ALS)biosafetyflowering synchronygene flowherbicide-resistanceimazethapyr-resistant ricepollen flowrelative humidity
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 4 , August 2009 , pp. 394 - 403
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anonymous, , 2008. Statistics and Graphics Guide. http://www.jmp.com/support/downloads/pdf/jmp8/jmp_stat_graph_guide.pdf. Accessed: December 04, 2008.Google Scholar
Arriola, P. E. and Ellstrand, N. C. 1997. Fitness of interspecific hybrids in the genus Sorghum: persistence of crop genes in the wild populations. Ecol. Appl. 7:512–518.Google Scholar
Burgos, N. R., Norsworthy, J. K., Scott, R. C., and Smith, K. L. 2008. Red rice status after five years of Clearfield™ rice technology in Arkansas. Weed Technol. 22:200–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgos, N. R., Norman, R. J., Gealy, D. R., and Black, H. L. 2006. Competitive N uptake between rice and weedy rice. Field Crops Res. 99:96–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, L. J., Lee, D. S., Song, Z. P., Suh, H. S., and Lu, B. R. 2004. Gene flow from cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) to its weedy and wild relatives. Ann. Bot. 93:67–73.Google Scholar
Gealy, D. R. 2005. Gene movement between rice (Oryza sativa) and weedy rice (Oryza sativa): a U.S. temperate rice perspective. Pages 323–354. In Gressel, J. Crop Ferality and Volunteerism. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press.Google Scholar
Gealy, D. R., Mitten, D. H., and Rutger, J. N. 2003. Gene flow between red rice (Oryza sativa) and herbicide-resistant rice (O. sativa): implications for weed management. Weed Technol. 17:627–645.Google Scholar
Jagadish, S. V. K., Craufurd, P. Q., and Wheeler, T. R. 2007. High temperature stress and spikelet fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Exp. Bot. 58:1627–1635.Google Scholar
Langevin, S. A., Clay, K., and Grace, J. B. 1990. The incidence and effects of hybridization between cultivated rice and its related weed red rice (Oryza sativa L.). Evolution. 44:1000–1008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, B. R. 2008. Transgene escape from GM crops and potential biosafety consequences. Collection of Biosafety Reviews Vol. 4:66–141. Trieste, Italy: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB). http://www.icgeb.org/biosafety/publications/collections.html. Accessed: December 30, 2008.Google Scholar
Lu, B. A. and Snow, A. A. 2005. Gene flow from genetically modified rice and its environmental consequences. Bioscience. 55:669–678.Google Scholar
Lu, B. A., Song, Z. P., and Chen, J. K. 2003. Can transgenic rice cause ecological risks through transgene escape? Prog. Nat. Sci. 13:17–24.Google Scholar
Matsui, T., Omasa, K., and Horie, T. 1999. Rapid swelling of pollen grains in response to floret opening unfolds locule in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Prod. Sci. 2:196–199.Google Scholar
Matsui, T., Omasa, K., and Horie, T. 1997. High temperature induced florets sterility of japonica rice at flowering in relation to air temperature, humidity, and wind velocity. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 66:449–455.Google Scholar
Messeguer, J., Marfá, V., Catalá, M. M., Guiderdoni, E., and Melé, E. 2004. A field study of pollen-mediated gene flow from Mediterranean GM rice to conventional rice and the red rice weed. Mol. Breed. 13:103–112.Google Scholar
Moldenhauer, K. A. K. and Gibbons, J. H. 2002. Rice morphology and development. Pages 103–107. In Smith, C. W. and Dilday, R. H. Rice Origin, History, Technology, and Production. Crop Production Series #6149. New York J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Noldin, J. A., Yokoyama, S., Antunes, P., and Luzzardi, R. 2002. Outcrossing potential of glufosinate-resistant rice to red rice. Planta Daninha. 20:243–51.Google Scholar
Oard, J., Cohn, M. A., Linscombe, S. D., Gealy, D. R., and Gravois, K. 2000. Field evaluation of seed production, shattering, and dormancy in hybrid populations of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) and the weed red rice (Oryza sativa). Plant Sci. 157:13–22.Google Scholar
Oka, H. I. 1988. Origin of Cultivated Rice. Tokyo Japan Scientific Society. 254 p.Google Scholar
Ottis, B. V., Smith, K. L., Scott, R. C., and Talbert, R. E. 2005. Rice yield and quality as affected by cultivar and red rice (Oryza sativa) density. Weed Sci. 53:499–504.Google Scholar
Satake, T. and Yoshida, S. 1978. High temperature-induced sterility in indica rices at flowering. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 47:6–17.Google Scholar
Shivrain, V. K. 2004. Molecular characterization of acetolacatate synthase (ALS) gene and phenotypic diversity in red rice (Oryza sativa L.). . Fayetteville, AR University of Arkansas. 149 p.Google Scholar
Shivrain, V. K., Burgos, N. R., Gealy, D. R., Moldenhauer, K. K., and Baquireza, C. J. 2008. Maximum outcrossing rate and genetic compatibility between red rice (Oryza sativa) biotypes and Clearfield™ rice. Weed Sci. 56:807–813.Google Scholar
Shivrain, V. K., Burgos, N. R., Gealy, D. R., Smith, K. L., Scott, R. C., and Mauromoustakos, A. 2009. Red rice (Oryza sativa) emergence characteristics and influence on rice yield at different planting dates. Weed Sci. 57:94–102.Google Scholar
Shivrain, V. K., Burgos, N. R., Moldenhauer, K. K., McNew, R. W., and Baldwin, T. L. 2006. Characterization of spontaneous crosses between Clearfield rice (Oryza sativa) and red rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Technol. 20:576–584.Google Scholar
Shivrain, V. K., Burgos, N. R., Rajguru, S. N., Anders, M. M., Moore, J. W., and Sales, M. A. 2007. Gene flow between Clearfield™ rice and red rice. Crop Prot. 26:349–356.Google Scholar
Snow, A. A., Mora'n-Palma, P., Rieseberg, L. H., Wszelaki, A., and Seiler, G. 1998. Fecundity, phenology, and seed dormancy of F1 wild-crop hybrids in sunflower (Helianthus annus). Am. J. Bot. 85:794–801.Google Scholar
Steel, R. D. and Torrie, D. G. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd ed. New York McGraw-Hill. 633 p.Google Scholar
Stewart, C. N. Jr., All, J. N., Raymer, P. L., and Ramachandran, S. 1997. Increased fitness of transgenic insecticidal rapeseed under insect selection pressure. Mol. Ecol. 6:773–779.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. A. 1994. The Wild Relatives of Rice: A Genetic Resource Handbook. Los Banos, Philippines International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). 137 p.Google Scholar
Vaughan, L. K., Ottis, B. V., Prazak-Havey, A. M., Sneller, C., Chandler, J. M., and Park, W. D. 2001. Is all red rice found in commercial rice really Oryza sativa? Weed Sci. 49:468–476.Google Scholar
Virmani, S. S. and Athwal, D. S. 1973. Genetic variability in floral characteristics influencing outcrossing in Oryza sativa L. Crop Sci. 13:66–67.Google Scholar
Walker, T. W., Bond, J. A., Ottis, B. V., Gerard, P. D., and Harrell, D. L. 2008. Hybrid rice response to nitrogen fertilization for midsouthern United States rice. Agron. J. 100:381–386.Google Scholar
Wang, F., Yuan, Q. H., Shi, L., Qian, Q., Liu, W. G., Kuang, B. G., Zeng, D., Liao, Y. L., Cao, B., and Jia, S. R. 2006. A large-scale field study of transgene flow from cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) to common wild rice (O. rufipogon) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Plant Biotechnol. J. 4:667–676.Google Scholar
Wilson, C. E. and Branson, J. W. 2007. Trends in Arkansas rice production. Pages 13–22 in Norman, R. J., Meullenet, J. -F., and Moldenhauer, K.A.K., eds. B. R. Wells Rice Research Studies—2006. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Series 550.Google Scholar
Xin, Z., Velten, J. P., Oliver, M. J., and Burke, J. J. 2003. High-throughput DNA extraction method suitable for PCR. BioTechniques. 34:820–826.Google Scholar
Zhang, N., Linscombe, S. D., and Oard, J. 2003. Outcrossing frequency and genetic analysis of hybrids between transgenic glufosinate herbicide-resistant rice and the weed, red rice. Euphytica. 130:35–45.Google Scholar