Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T03:51:48.452Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of Shading and Temperature on Showy Crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

David T. Patterson
David T. Patterson*
Affiliation:
South. Weed Sci. Lab., U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Stoneville, MS 38776
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth) was grown in a controlled-environment greenhouse with a day/night temperature of 32/26C at full sunlight and under 40, 60, or 90% shade. Shading significantly reduced height, dry-matter accumulation, leaf production, leaf-area expansion, axillary-branch development, reproductive development, and the partitioning of plant biomass into stems. Shading increased the partitioning of plant biomass into leaves and the leaf area ratio. Constant shading or shading from 0 through 25 days after planting reduced the leaf area duration (LAD) proportionally more than the net assimilation rate (NAR). Shading from 25 to 67 days after planting reduced NAR and LAD equally. In other experiments reducing the day/night temperature below 32/26C significantly reduced plant height, leaf area, and the rate of leaf production. Dry-matter production decreased significantly at temperatures below 29/23C, because of substantial reduction in LAD. Showy crotalaria flowered and produced seed at temperatures ranging from 23/17C to 32/26C. The results indicate that the geographical distribution of showy crotalaria in the United States probably will continue to increase.

Keywords

Growth analysisbiomass partitioning
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 30 , Issue 6 , November 1982 , pp. 692 - 697
Copyright
Copyright © 1982 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Adams, R. and Rogers, E. F. 1939. The structure of mono-crotaline, the alkaloid in Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria retusa . I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 6:2815–2819.Google Scholar
2. Bailey, L. H. and Bailey, E. Z. 1976. Page 337 in Hortus Third. A Concise Dictionary of Plants Cultivated in the United States and Canada. MacMillan, New York.Google Scholar
3. Blackman, G. E. 1960. Responses to environmental factors by plants in the vegetative phase. Pages 525–556 in Zarrow, M. X., ed. Growth in Living Systems. Basic Books, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
4. Downs, R. J. and Hellmers, H. 1975. Page 107 in Environment and the Experimental Control of Plant Growth. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
5. Egley, G. H. 1979. Seed coat impermeability and germination of showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) seeds. Weed Sci. 27:355–361.Google Scholar
6. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Page 889 in Gray's Manual of Botany. American Book Co., New York.Google Scholar
7. Gleason, H. A. 1952. Page 395 in The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Vol. 2. Lancaster Press, Lancaster, PA.Google Scholar
8. Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1978. Light requirements of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and light interception by crops. Weed Sci. 26:10–16.Google Scholar
9. Kramer, P. J., Hellmers, H., and Downs, R. J. 1970. SEPEL: New Phytotrons for Environmental Research. BioScience 20:1201–1208.Google Scholar
10. Kvet, J., Ondok, J. P., Necas, J., and Jarvis, P. G. 1971. Methods of growth analysis. Pages 343–391 in Sestak, Z., Catsky, J., and Jarvis, P. G., eds. Plant Photosynthetic Production. Manual of Methods. Dr. W. Junk N.V. Publishers, The Hague.Google Scholar
11. McKee, R. and Enlow, C. R. 1931. Crotalaria, a new legume for the South. Circ. No. 137, February, 1931, U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC. 31 pp.Google Scholar
12. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1975. Page 282 in Guide to the Vascular Flora of Illinois. South. Ill. Press, Carbondale, IL.Google Scholar
13. Muenscher, W. C. 1939. Page 128 in Poisonous Plants of the United States. MacMillan, New York.Google Scholar
14. Patterson, D. T. 1979. The effects of shading on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata . Weed Sci. 27:549–553.Google Scholar
15. Patterson, D. T. 1980. Light and temperature adaptation. Pages 205–235 in Hesketh, J. D. and Jones, J. W., eds. Predicting Photosynthesis for Ecosystem Models. Vol. I. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
16. Patterson, D. T. and Flint, E. P. 1982. Interacting effects of CO2 and nutrient concentration. Weed Sci. 30:389–394.Google Scholar
17. Patterson, D. T., Flint, E. P., and Dickens, R. 1980. Effects of temperature, photoperiod, and population source on the growth of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica . Weed Sci. 28:505–509.Google Scholar
18. Patterson, D. T., Meyer, C. R., Flint, E. P., and Quimby, P. C. Jr. 1979. Temperature responses and potential distribution of itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata) in the United States. Weed Sci. 27:77–82.Google Scholar
19. Patterson, D. T., Musser, R. L., Flint, E. P., and Eplee, R. E. 1982. Temperature responses and potential for spread of witchweed (Striga lutea) in the United States. Weed Sci. 30:87–93.Google Scholar
20. Southern Weed Science Society. 1979. Ten most troublesome weeds in soybeans and special oil crops. South. Weed Sci. Soc. Res. Rep. 32:127.Google Scholar
21. Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J. H. 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York. 481 pp.Google Scholar
22. Watson, D. J. 1947. Comparative physiological studies on the growth of field crops. I. Variation in net assimilation rate and leaf area between species and varieties, and within and between years. Ann. Bot. N.S. 11:41–76.Google Scholar
23. Watson, D. J. 1952. The physiological basis of variation in yield. Adv. Agron. 4:101–145.Google Scholar
24. Wiegand, C. L. and Cuellar, J. A. 1981. Duration of grain filling and kernel weight of wheat as affected by temperature. Crop Sci. 21:95–101.Google Scholar
25. Wildon, C. E. and O'Rourke, F.L.S. 1964. The effect of arcillite in media for pot plants. Mich. State Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Rep. 16. 4 pp.Google Scholar
26. Wills, G. D. and McWhorter, C. G. 1981. Effect of environment on the translocation and toxicity of acifluorfen to showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis . Weed Sci. 29:397–401.Google Scholar