Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T15:18:43.812Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of Herbicides on RNA and Protein Syntheses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

D. E. Moreland ,
S. S. Malhotra ,
R. D. Gruenhagen  and
E. H. Shokraii
D. E. Moreland
Affiliation:
Crops Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., U. S. Dep. of Agr., Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
S. S. Malhotra
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
R. D. Gruenhagen
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
E. H. Shokraii
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Effects of 22 herbicides on the synthesis of RNA and protein were investigated in excised tissues. The assays measured ATP and orotate incorporation into RNA, leucine incorporation into protein, and the gibberellin-controlled induction of a-amylase Statistical analysis of the average responses measured in the four assays suggested that 14 of the herbicides inhibited RNA and protein biosyntheses in vivo. The most inhibitory chemicals were 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzonitrile (ioxynil), 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb), 3',4'-dichloropropionanilide (propanil), 2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyridinol (pyriclor), and isopropyl m-chlorocarbanilate (chlorpropham). The activity of an RNA polymerase isolated from corn (Zea mays L.) tissue was inhibited maximally at approximately 20% by ioxynil, dinoseb, and pyriclor. Hence, interference with RNA polymerase, which performs a pivotal role in RNA and protein biosyntheses, does not fully account for all inhibitions.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , October 1969 , pp. 556 - 563
Copyright
Copyright © 1969 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Basler, E. 1966. Light effects on the nucleic acids of excised cotton cotyledons. Plant Physiol. 41:395–404.Google Scholar
2. Bollum, F. J. 1966. Filter paper techniques for assaying radioactive macromolecules, p. 296–300. In Cantoni, G. L. and Davies, D. R. (ed.) Procedures in Nucleic Acid Research. Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
3. Bonner, J. and Varner, J. E. 1965. Plant Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York. 1054 p.Google Scholar
4. Briggs, D. E. 1966. Residues from organic solvents showing gibberellin-like biological activity. Nature 210:419–421.Google Scholar
5. Brock, T. D. 1961. Chloramphenicol. Bacteriol. Rev. 25:32–48.Google Scholar
6. Brown, J. C. and Carter, M. C. 1968. Influence of amitrole upon protein metabolism in bean plants. Weed Sci. 16:222–226.Google Scholar
7. Busch, H. and Starbuck, W. C. 1964. Biochemistry of cancer. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 33:519–570.Google Scholar
8. Carns, H. R. 1966. Abscission and its control. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 17:295–314.Google Scholar
9. Carns, H. R. and Addicott, F. T. 1964. The effects of herbicides on endogenous regulator systems, p. 343–356. In Audus, L. J. (ed.) The Physiology and Biochemistry of Herbicides. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
10. Chandra, G. R. and Varner, J. E. 1965. Gibberellic acid-controlled metabolism of RNA in aleurone cells of barley. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 108:583–592.Google Scholar
11. Chrispeels, M. J. and Varner, J. E. 1967. Gibberellic acid-enhanced synthesis and release of a-amylase and ribonuclease by isolated barley aleurone layers. Plant Physiol. 42:398–406.Google Scholar
12. Ennis, W. B. Jr. 1948. Responses of crop plants to 0-isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate. Bot. Gaz. 109:473–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Ferrari, T. E. and Moreland, D. E. 1969. Effects of 3,5-di-halogenated-4-hydroxybenzonitriles on mitochondria from white potato tubers. Plant Physiol. 44:429–434.Google Scholar
14. Foy, C. L. and Penner, D. 1965. Effect of inhibitors and herbicides on tricarboxylic acid cycle substrate oxidation by isolated cucumber mitochondria. Weeds 13:226–231.Google Scholar
15. Hachimori, A., Nosoh, Y., and Sone, N. 1968. Effects of the photosynthetic inhibitors on the respiration of yeast mitochondria. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 64:119–121.Google Scholar
16. Hoffman, I. and Parups, E. V. 1964. Mode of action of maleic hydrazide in relation to residues in crops and soils. Residue Rev. 7:96–113.Google ScholarPubMed
17. Hofstra, G. and Switzer, C. M. 1968. The phytotoxicity of propanil. Weed Sci. 16:23–28.Google Scholar
18. Hurlbert, R. B. and Potter, V. R. 1952. A survey of the metabolism of orotic acid in the rat. J. Biol. Chem. 195:257–270.Google Scholar
19. Ingle, J. 1963. The extraction and estimation of nucleotides and nucleic acids from plant material. Phytochemistry 2:353–370.Google Scholar
20. Inoue, Y., Ishizuka, K., and Mitsui, . 1967. Inhibition of respiration of yeast by photosynthesis inhibiting herbicides. Agr. Biol. Chem. 31:422–427.Google Scholar
21. Ivens, G. W. and Blackman, G. E. 1949. The effects of phenylcarbamates on the growth of higher plants. Symposia Soc. Exp. Biol. 3:266–282.Google Scholar
22. Jacobsen, J. V. and Varner, J. E. 1967. Gibberellic acid-induced synthesis of protease by isolated aleurone layers of barley. Plant Physiol. 42:1596–1600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Kerr, M. W. and Wain, R. L. 1964. The uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in pea shoot mitochondria by 3,5-di-iodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (ioxynil) and related compounds. Ann. Appl. Biol. 54:441–446.Google Scholar
24. Key, J. L. 1964. Ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis as essential processes for cell elongation. Plant Physiol. 39:365–370.Google Scholar
25. Key, J. L. and Shannon, J. C. 1964. Enhancement by auxin of ribonucleic acid synthesis in excised soybean hypocotyl tissue. Plant Physiol. 39:360–364.Google Scholar
26. Key, J. L., Barnett, N. M., and Lin, C. Y. 1967. RNA and protein biosynthesis and the regulation of cell elongation by auxin. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 144:49–62.Google Scholar
27. Leaver, C. J. and Edelman, J. 1965. Antibiotics as a means of control of bacterial contamination of storage tissue disks. Nature 207:1000–1001.Google Scholar
28. Lotlikar, P. D., Remmert, L. F., and Freed, V. H. 1968. Effects of 2,4-D and other herbicides on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria from cabbage. Weed Sci. 16:161–165.Google Scholar
29. Mahler, H. R. and Cordes, E. H. 1966. Biological Chemistry. Harper and Row, New York. 872 p.Google Scholar
30. Mann, J. D., Cota-Robles, E., Yung, K.-H., Pu, M., and Haid, H. 1967. Phenylurethane herbicides: Inhibitors of changes in metabolic state. I. Botanical aspects. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 138:133–139.Google Scholar
31. Mann, J. D., Jordan, L. S., and Day, B. E. 1965. A survey of herbicides for their effect upon protein synthesis. Plant Physiol. 40:840–843.Google Scholar
32. Moreland, D. E. 1967. Mechanisms of action of herbicides. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 18:365–386.Google Scholar
33. Moreland, D. E. and Hill, K. L. 1962. Interference of herbicides with the Hill reaction of isolated chloroplasts. Weeds 10:229–236.Google Scholar
34. Mukasa, H., Itoh, M., and Nosoh, Y. 1966. 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea as a specific inhibitor of yeast respiration. Plant and Cell Physiol. 7:683–687.Google Scholar
35. Negi, N. S., Funderburk, H. H. Jr., Schultz, D. P., and Davis, D. E. 1968. Effect of trifluralin and nitralin on mitochondrial activities. Weed Sci. 16:83–85.Google Scholar
36. Nitsan, J. and Lang, A. 1966. DNA synthesis in the elongating nondividing cells of the lentil epicotyl and its promotion by gibberellin. Plant Physiol. 41:965–970.Google Scholar
37. Parker, V. H. 1965. Uncouplers of rat-liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Biochem. J. 97:658–662.Google Scholar
38. Penner, D. 1968. Herbicidal influence on amylase in barley and squash seedlings. Weed Sci. 16:519–522.Google Scholar
39. Penner, D. and Ashton, F. M. 1966. Biochemical and metabolic changes in plants induced by chlorophenoxy herbicides. Residue Rev. 14:39–113.Google Scholar
40. Reichard, P. 1959. The enzymatic synthesis of pyrimidines. Advan. Enzymol. 21:263–294.Google Scholar
41. Schmidt, G. 1964. Metabolism of nucleic acids. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 33:667–728.Google Scholar
42. Schultz, D. P., Funderburk, H. H. Jr., and Negi, N. S. 1968. Effect of trifluralin on growth, morphology, and nucleic acid synthesis. Plant Physiol. 43:265–273.Google Scholar
43. Schweet, R. and Heintz, R. 1966. Protein synthesis. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 35:723–758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44. Smillie, R. M. and Krotkov, G. 1960. The estimation of nucleic acids in some algae and higher plants. Can. J. Bot. 38:31–49.Google Scholar
45. Sobota, A. E., Leaver, C. J., and Key, J. L. 1968. A detailed evaluation of the possible contribution of bacteria to radioactive precursor incorporation into nucleic acids of plant tissues. Plant Physiol. 43:907–913.Google Scholar
46. Stern, H. 1966. The regulation of cell division. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 17:345–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47. Storey, W. B. and Mann, J. D. 1967. Chromosome contraction by o-isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate (IPC). Stain Tech. 42: 15–18.Google Scholar
48. Stout, E. R. and Mans, R. J. 1967. Partial purification and properties of RNA polymerase from maize. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 134:327–336.Google Scholar
49. Switzer, C. M. 1957. Effects of herbicides and related chemicals on oxidation and phosphorylation by isolated soybean mitochondria. Plant Physiol. 32:42–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50. Varner, J. E. 1965. Death, p. 867–872. In Bonner, J. and Varner, J. E. (ed.) Plant Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
51. Varner, J. E. and Chandra, G. R. 1964. Hormonal control of enzyme synthesis in barley endosperm. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. 52:100–106.Google Scholar
52. Venis, M. A. 1967. Effects of antibiotics on protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis in relation to the control of bacterial growth in excised tissues. Phytochemistry 6:799–806.Google Scholar
53. Wessels, J. S. C. and van der Veen, R. 1956. The action of some derivatives of phenylurethan and of 3-phenyl-1,1-dimethylurea on the Hill reaction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 19:548–549.Google Scholar
54. Wit, J. G. and van Genderen, H. 1966. The monophenolic metabolites of the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile in animals as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Biochem. J. 101:707–710.Google Scholar
55. Yung, K.-H. and Mann, J. D. 1967. Inhibition of early steps in the gibberellin-activated synthesis of a-amylase. Plant Physiol. 42:195–200.Google Scholar