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Effects of Diphenylether Herbicides on Reactions of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

D. E. Moreland ,
W. J. Blackmon ,
H. G. Todd  and
F. S. Farmer
D. E. Moreland
Affiliation:
Crops Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., U. S. Dep. of Agr., Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
W. J. Blackmon
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
H. G. Todd
Affiliation:
Crops Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., U. S. Dep. of Agr., Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
F. S. Farmer
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Abstract

Effects of three diphenylether herbicides [2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen); 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4′-nitrophenyl ether (hereinafter referred to as MC-1478); and 2,4′-dinitro-4-trifluoromethyl-diphenylether (hereinafter referred to as C-6989)] were measured on phosphorylation and electron transport in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts, and mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L., var. Jumbo) and white potato tuber (Solarium tuberosum L.) mitochondria. All of the diphenylethers acted primarily as inhibitors of chloroplast noncyclic electron transport, and the coupled photophosphorylation. The compounds ranked in the following decreasing order of inhibitory effectiveness: MC-1478 ≥ C-6989 >> nitrofen. A site of action close to light reaction II was suggested. At high molar concentrations, marginal interference with cyclic electron transport or phosphorylation was obtained. In mitochondria, MC-1478 and nitrofen acted primarily as electron transport inhibitors with malate, NADH, and succinate as substrates. MC-1478 was a slightly stronger inhibitor than nitrofen. Only slight stimulation of ADP-limited oxygen uptake was obtained during the oxidation of NADH and succinate; whereas, strong inhibition of oxygen uptake was obtained with malate. C-6989 also weakly stimulated ADP-limited oxygen uptake with NADH and succinate but differed from the two chlorinated diphenylethers in that electron transport was not inhibited when ADP was present in excess. Interference with ATP generation could be one of the mechanisms through which the phytotoxicity of diphenylether herbicides is expressed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 18 , Issue 5 , September 1970 , pp. 636 - 642
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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