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Effect of emergence time on growth and fecundity of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis): emerging problem weeds in Australian summer crops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2021

Asad M. Khan Open the ORCID record for Asad M. Khan [Opens in a new window] ,
Ahmadreza Mobli Open the ORCID record for Ahmadreza Mobli [Opens in a new window] ,
Jeff A. Werth  and
Bhagirath S. Chauhan Open the ORCID record for Bhagirath S. Chauhan [Opens in a new window]
Asad M. Khan*
Affiliation:
PhD Student, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
Ahmadreza Mobli
Affiliation:
Former PhD Student, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
Jeff A. Werth
Affiliation:
Senior Research Scientist, Leslie Research Centre, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, Australia
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Affiliation:
Professor, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Asad M. Khan, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD4343, Australia. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) are considered emerging problematic weeds in summer crops in Australia. An outdoor pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of planting time on two populations of A. retroflexus and A. viridis at the research farm of the University of Queensland, Australia. Both species were planted every month from October to January (2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019), and their growth and seed production were recorded. Although both weeds matured at a similar number of growing degree days (GDD), they required a different number of days to complete their life cycles depending on planting date. The growth period was reduced and flowering occurred sooner as both species experienced cooler temperatures and shorter daylight hours. Both species exhibited increased height, biomass, and seed production for the October-sown plants compared with other planting times, and these parameters were reduced by delaying the planting time. The shoot and root biomass of A. retroflexus and A. viridis (averaged over both populations) was reduced by more than 70% and 65%, respectively, when planted in January, in comparison to planting in October. When planted in October, A. retroflexus and A. viridis produced 11,350 and 5,780 seeds plant−1, but these were reduced to 770 and 365 seeds plant−1 for the January planting date, respectively. Although the growth and fecundity of these species were dependent on planting time, these weeds could emerge throughout the late spring to summer growing season (October to March) in southeast Australia and could produce a significant number of seeds. The results showed that when these species emerged in the late spring (October), they grew vigorously and produced more biomass in comparison with the other planting dates. Therefore, any early weed management practice for these species could be beneficial for minimizing the subsequent cost and energy inputs toward their control.

Keywords

Phenologyphotoperiodshort-day plantweed biomassweed seed production
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 69 , Issue 3 , May 2021 , pp. 333 - 340
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Ramon G. Leon, North Carolina State University

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