Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T14:53:51.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effect of 2,4-D on Ametryne Toxicity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

J. R. Diem
Affiliation:
South Agr. Insecticides, Inc., Palmetto, FL 33561
D. E. Davis
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Microbiol., Auburn Univ., Agr. Exp. Sta., Auburn, AL 36830

Abstract

Nontoxic concentrations of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] increased the toxicity of ametryne [2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine], when applied to the roots of waterhyacinth [Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms], when applied to the roots or foliage of corn (Zea mays L.), and to a lesser extent, when applied to the roots of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Nontoxic concentrations of 2,4-D frequently also increased the absorption of ametryne, water, and radioactive calcium by all three species. Mixtures containing toxic concentrations of 2,4-D with ametryne were not synergistic and sometimes the mixtures were less toxic than ametryne alone. Toxic concentrations of 2,4-D also decreased plant dry weight and the absorption of ametryne, water, and calcium. Low concentrations of ametryne increased the absorption of water and sometimes calcium while high concentrations decreased dry weight and the absorption of water and calcium.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1974 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Alley, H.P. 1967. Some observations on Tordon-2,4-D combinations. Down Earth 23(1):2, 35–36.Google Scholar
2. Audus, L.J., ed. 1964. The physiology and biochemistry of herbicides. Academic Press, Inc., New York. 555 pp.Google Scholar
3. Barba, R.C. 1967. The selectivity and activity of s-triazine herbicides in banana plants. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Hawaii, Diss. Abstr. 29:431432.Google Scholar
4. Bass, S.T., Hamner, C.L., and Sell, H.M. 1959. Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the mineral contents of cranberry bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). Mich. State Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Quar. Bull. 42:4346.Google Scholar
5. Beste, C.E. and Schreiber, M.M. 1970. Antagonistic interaction of EPTC and 2,4-D. Weed Sci. 18:484488.Google Scholar
6. Beste, C.E. and Schreiber, M.M. 1972. Interactions of EPTC and 2,4-D on excised tissue growth. Weed Sci. 20:47.Google Scholar
7. Beste, C.E. and Schreiber, M.M. 1972. RNA synthesis as the basis for EPTC and 2,4-D antagonism. Weed Sci. 20:811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Bradbury, D. and Ennis, W.B. Jr. 1952. Stomatal closure of kidney bean plants treated with ammonium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. Amer. J. Bot. 39:324328.Google Scholar
9. Brown, J.W. 1946. Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the water relations, the accumulation and distribution of solid matter, and the respiration of bean plants. Bot. Gaz. 107:332343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Chrispeels, M.J. and Hanson, J.B. 1962. The increase in ribonucleic acid content of cytoplasmic particulates of soybean hypocotyl induced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Weeds 10:123125.Google Scholar
11. Colby, S.R. 1967. Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations. Weeds 15:2022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Colby, S.R., Wojtaszek, T., and Warren, G.F. 1965. Synergistic antagonistic combinations for broadening herbicidal selectivity. Weeds 13:8791.Google Scholar
13. Copping, L.G., Davis, D.E., and Pillai, C.G.P. 1972. Growth regulator-like activity of atrazine and ametryne. Weed Sci. 20:274277.Google Scholar
14. Crafts, A. and Robbins, W.W. 1962. Weed control. Third ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y. 660 pp.Google Scholar
15. Davis, D.E., Funderburk, H.H. Jr., and Sansing, N.G. 1959. Absorption and translocation of C14-labeled simazin by corn, cotton and cucumber. Weeds 7:300309.Google Scholar
16. Davis, D.E., Gramlich, J.V., and Funderburk, H.H. Jr. 1965. Atrazine absorption and degradation by corn, cotton, and soybeans. Weeds 13:252255.Google Scholar
17. Freiberg, S.R. and Clark, H.E. 1952. Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid upon the nitrogen metabolism and water relations of soybean plants grown at different nitrogen levels. Bot. Gaz. 113:322333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Funderburk, H.H. Jr. and Lawrence, J.M. 1963. Absorption and translocation of radioactive herbicides in submersed and emersed aquatic weeds. Weed Res. 3:304311.Google Scholar
19. Gysin, H. and Knusli, E. 1960. Chemistry and herbicidal properties of triazine derivatives. Pages 289358 in Metcalf, R.L., ed. Advances in pest control research. Vol. 3. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
20. Hamill, A.S., Smith, L.W., and Switzer, C.M. 1972. Influence of phenoxy herbicides on picloram uptake and phytotoxicity. Weed Sci. 20:226229.Google Scholar
21. Hanson, J.B. and Bonner, J. 1954. Relationship between salt and water uptake in Jerusalem artichoke tuber tissue. Amer. J. Bot. 41:702710.Google Scholar
22. Huffaker, R.C. 1965. Stimulating effects of 2,4-D on intact plants. Pages 95101 in Genes to genus. International Minerals and Chemical Corp., Skokie, Illinois.Google Scholar
23. James, C.S., Prendeville, F.N., Warren, G.F., and Schreiber, M.M. 1970. Interactions between herbicidal carbamates and growth regulators. Weed Sci. 18:137139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. Key, J.L. and Shannon, J.C. 1964. Enhancement by auxin of ribonucleic acid synthesis in excised soybean hypocotyl tissue. Plant Physiol. 39:360364.Google Scholar
25. Liang, G.H.L., Feltner, K.C., and Russ, O.G. 1969. Meiotic and morphological response of grain sorghum to atrazine, 2,4-D, oil, and their combinations. Weed Sci. 17:812.Google Scholar
26. Moreland, D.E. 1967. Mechanism of action of herbicides. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 18:365386.Google Scholar
27. Moreland, D.E., Genter, W.E., Hilton, J.L., and Hill, K.L. 1959. Studies of the mechanism of herbicidal action of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine. Plant Physiol. 34:432435.Google Scholar
28. Moreland, D.E. and Hill, K.E. 1962. Interference of herbicides with the Hill reaction of isolated chloroplasts. Weeds 10:229237.Google Scholar
29. Player, M.A. 1950. Effects of some growth-regulating substances on the transpiration of Zea mays and Ricinus communis . Plant Physiol. 25:469477.Google Scholar
30. Prendeville, G.N., James, C.S., Warren, G.F., and Schreiber, M.M. 1969. Antagonistic responses with combinations of carbamate and growth regulator herbicides. Weed Sci. 17:307309.Google Scholar
31. Rhodes, A., Templeman, W.G., and Thurston, M.N. 1950. Effect of the plant-growth regulator-4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxyacetic acid on the mineral and nitrogen contents of plants. Ann. Bot. 14:181198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32. Sheets, T.J. 1961. Uptake and distribution of simazine by oat and cotton seedlings. Weeds 9:113.Google Scholar
33. Sikka, H.C., Davis, D.E., and Funderburk, H.H. Jr. 1964. The effect of various types of herbicides on transpiration rate of soybean (Glycine max) . Proc. S. Weed Conf. 17:340350.Google Scholar
34. Smith, L.H. and Harrison, C.M. 1962. Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on seedling development and uptake and distribution of calcium and phosphorus in barley. Crop Sci. 2:3134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35. Swenson, G. and Burstrom, H. 1960. On the influence of auxins on salt and water uptake. Physiol. Plant. 13:846854.Google Scholar
36. Thompson, O.C., Truelove, B., and Davis, D.E. 1969. Effect of the herbicide prometryne (2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine) on mitochondria. J. Agr. Food Chem. 17:997999.Google Scholar
37. Wax, L.M. and Behrens, R. 1965. Absorption and translocation of atrazine in quackgrass. Weeds 13:107109.Google Scholar
38. Weed Science Society of America. 1970. Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Society of America. Second ed. W.F. Humphrey Press, Inc., Geneva, NY. 368 pp.Google Scholar
39. West, S.H., Hanson, J.B., and Key, J.L. 1960. Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the nucleic acid and protein content of seedling tissue. Weeds 8:333340.Google Scholar
40. Wiese, A.F., Army, T.J., and Thomas, J.D. 1966. Moisture utilization by plants after herbicide treatment. Weeds 14:205207.Google Scholar
41. Wolf, D.E., Vermillion, G., Wallace, A., and Ahlgren, G.H. 1950. Effect of 2,4-D on carbohydrate and nutrient-element content and on rapidity of kill of soybean plants growing at different nitrogen levels. Bot. Gaz. 112:188197.Google Scholar