Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T07:53:33.204Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Development of Stale Seedbed Weed Control Programs for Southern Row Crops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

David R. Shaw*
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant & Soil Sci., Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS 39762

Abstract

Planting row crops into a stale seedbed has gained popularity in recent years. This concept uses tillage either after harvest in the fall or early in the spring to smooth the seedbed and eliminate ruts and excess residue on the soil surface. Tillage is not used immediately before planting, thus conserving moisture, eliminating costly and time-consuming tillage trips at planting, and allowing more timely planting. While stale seedbed planting minimizes tillage to establish the crop, conservation is not the primary objective of this concept; rather, timely stand establishment following adverse weather conditions has been the driving force behind the popularity of stale seedbed programs. The stale seedbed approach has been used with success on a variety of soils in the southern U.S., but is best suited on the poorly-drained clay soils in the Mississippi River Delta. The system has been adapted for use in soybean, cotton, corn, and rice. A key component of a well-prepared stale seedbed is the absence of weeds at planting. Producers must keep in mind that weeds present and not controlled at planting have the potential to significantly impair stand establishment and crop yields. Although these weeds are often beginning to senesce by the time soybean planting occurs, they are still using soil moisture and shading newly emerging crop plants early in the season.

Type
Symposium
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. All, J. N., Gallaher, R. N., and Jellum, M. D. 1979. Influence of planting date, preplanting weed control, irrigation, and conservation tillage practices on efficacy of planting time insecticide applications for control of lesser cornstalk borer in field corn. J. Econ. Entomol. 72: 265268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Anonymous. 1985. Agronomy Handbook. Miss. Coop. Ext. Ser., Mississippi State, MS.Google Scholar
3. Anonymous. 1995. 1995 Mississippi Weed Control Guidelines. Miss. Coop. Ext. Ser. Pub. 1532.Google Scholar
4. Banks, P. A., Tripp, T. N., Wells, J. W., and Hammel, J. E. 1985. Effects of tillage on sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) interference with soybeans (Glycine max) and soil water use. Weed Sci. 34: 143149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Baker, R. S. 1985. Time intervals between use of hormone herbicides on stale seedbeds and planting cotton. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 38: 6.Google Scholar
6. Baughman, T. A., Shaw, D. R., and Newsom, L. J. 1993. Herbicide combinations and timing for winter weed control in stale seedbed soybean. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst. 33: 1.Google Scholar
7. Bruff, S. A. and Shaw, D. R. 1992. Early season herbicide applications for weed control in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 6: 3644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Bruff, S. A. and Shaw, D. R. 1992. Tank-mix combinations for weed control in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 6: 4551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Bryson, C. T. 1992. Weed population dynamics in various cotton tillage production systems. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 45: 45.Google Scholar
10. Egley, G. H. and Williams, R. D. 1990. Decline of weed seeds and seedling emergence over five years as affected by soil disturbances. Weed Sci. 38: 504510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Elmore, C. D. and Heatherly, L. G. 1988. Planting system and weed control effects on soybean grown in clay soil. Agron. J. 80: 818821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Elmore, C. D., Heatherly, L. G., and Wesley, R. A. 1989. Perennial vine control in multiple cropping systems on a clay soil. Weed Technol. 3: 282287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Fairbanks, D. E., Reynolds, D. B., Griffin, J. L., Vidrine, P. R., and Jordan, D. L. 1994. Preplant weed control with Gramoxone Extra and Roundup D-Pak tank-mixed with Harmony Extra. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 47: 237238.Google Scholar
14. Heatherly, L. G. and Elmore, C. D. 1983. Response of soybeans (Glycine max) to planting in untilled, weedy seedbed on clay soil. Weed Sci. 31: 9399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Heatherly, L. G. and Elmore, C. D. 1991. Grass weed control for soybean (Glycine max) on clay soil. Weed Technol. 5: 103107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Heatherly, L. G., Musick, R. A., and Hamill, J. G. 1986. Economic analysis of stale seedbed concept of soybean production on clay soil. Miss. Agric. For. Exp. Stn. Info. Bull. 944, 13 p.Google Scholar
17. Heatherly, L. G., Wesley, R. A., Elmore, C. D., and Spurlock, S. R. 1993. Net returns from stale seedbed plantings of soybean (Glycine max) on clay soil. Weed Technol. 7: 972980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Hydrick, D. E. and Shaw, D. R. 1994. Effects of tank-mix combinations of nonselective foliar and selective soil-applied herbicides on three weed species. Weed Technol. 8: 129133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Hydrick, D. E. and Shaw, D. R. 1995. Nonselective and selective herbicide combinations in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 9: 158165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Hydrick, D. E. and Shaw, D. R. 1994. Sequential herbicide applications in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 8: 684688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Lanie, A. J., Griffin, J. L., Reynolds, D. B., and Vidrine, P. R. 1993. Influence of residual herbicides on rate of paraquat and glyphosate in stale seedbed soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 7: 960965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Lanie, A. J., Griffin, J. L., Vidrine, P. R., and Reynolds, D. B. 1994. Herbicide combinations for soybean (Glycine max) planted in stale seedbed. Weed Technol. 8: 1722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Lanie, A. J., Griffin, J. L., Vidrine, P. R., and Reynolds, D. B. 1994. Weed control with nonselective herbicides in soybean (Glycine max) stale seedbed culture. Weed Technol. 8: 159164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. McClelland, M. R., Jordan, D. L., Frans, R. E., and Keisling, T. C. 1992. Weed management in minimum tillage cotton. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 45: 31.Google Scholar
25. Morris, W. H., Shaw, D. R., and Ruscoe, J. T. 1993. Reduced rates of Canopy for burndown weed control in stale seedbed soybean. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 46: 371.Google Scholar
26. Moseley, C. M. and Hagood, E. S. Jr. 1988. Substitution of chlorimuron or imazaquin for standard nonselective herbicides in no-till soybean establishment. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 41: 56.Google Scholar
27. Nelson, W. E., Rahi, G. S., and Reeves, L. Z. 1975. Yield potential of soybean as related to soil compaction induced by farm traffic. Agron. J. 67: 769772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Stougaard, R. N., Kapusta, G., and Roskamp, G. 1984. Early preplant herbicide applications for no-till soybean (Glycine max) weed control. Weed Sci. 32: 293298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Sumner, D. R., Doupnik, B. D. Jr., and Boosalis, M. G. 1981. Effects of reduced tillage and multiple cropping on plant diseases. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 19: 167187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Wilson, J. S. and Worsham, A. D. 1988. Combinations of nonselective herbicides for difficult to control weeds in no-till corn, Zea mays, and soybeans, Glycine max . Weed Sci. 36: 648652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D., and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Weed Sci. 40: 429433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar