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Biology of common crupina and yellow starthistle, two Mediterranean winter annual invaders in western North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Cindy Talbott Roché  and
Donald C. Thill
Donald C. Thill
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
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Abstract

This paper reviews the biology of two closely related Mediterranean annuals, yellow starthistle and common crupina, which have invaded grassland, shrub steppe, and open woodland habitats in western North America. Despite the similarity of their winter annual life cycle, the two species differ significantly in population dynamics. Common crupina has traits that favor persistence rather than rapid population growth: large, heavy achenes with an after-ripening requirement; lower fecundity but higher germination success; and reproduction regulated by vernalization and photoperiod in addition to thermal time. Persistence traits also foster invasion of undisturbed or less degraded steppe habitats. Yellow starthistle has more ruderal traits: small, light, rapidly germinating achenes; higher fecundity, with greater seedling mortality; and reproduction that is less sensitive to photoperiod and vernalization. These characteristics confer a greater adaptability for rapid spread and colonization of disturbance by yellow starthistle than by common crupina. An understanding of the relative differences in biological characters of each species and in their function in invaded environments is relevant to ecological management of these pest species.

Keywords

Common crupina, Crupina vulgaris Cass., CJNVUyellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L., CENSOAlien plantsbiological invasion case studyexotic plant pest
Type
Review Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 49 , Issue 4 , August 2001 , pp. 439 - 447
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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