Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T08:23:38.420Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Basis for Synergism of Atrazine and Alachlor Combinations on Japanese Millet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

I. O. Akobundu ,
W. B. Duke ,
R. D. Sweet  and
P. L. Minotti
I. O. Akobundu
Affiliation:
Dept. of Veg. Crops, Cornell Univ.
W. B. Duke
Affiliation:
Dept. of Agron., Cornell Univ.
R. D. Sweet
Affiliation:
Dept. of Veg. Crops, Cornell Univ.
P. L. Minotti
Affiliation:
Dept. of Veg. Crops, Cornell Univ.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effect of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] and alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] combinations on various physiological processes was studied in order to establish a basis for the synergistic effect of this mixture on Japanese millet [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. frumentacea L.]. In contrast to atrazine, alachlor had no effect on the Hill reaction activity of isolated Japanese millet chloroplasts. When used in combination with atrazine, alachlor had no influence on the inhibitory effect of atrazine on the Hill reaction. Atrazine and alachlor combinations reduced chloroplast protein and severely inhibited chloroplast protein synthesis relative to protein synthesis by other particulate fractions. This inhibition appears to be the basis for the synergistic effect of this herbicide mixture on Japanese millet. Although the mechanism of action of the herbicide mixture is not understood, it does not seem to involve inhibition of atrazine detoxification.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , January 1975 , pp. 43 - 48
Copyright
Copyright © 1975 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Akobundu, I.O., Sweet, R.D., Duke, W.B., and Minotti, P.L. 1972. Synergistic effect of atrazine and alachlor combinations on Japanese millet. WSSA Abstr. p. 96.Google Scholar
2. Akobundu, I.O., Sweet, R.D., and Duke, W.B. 1972. A method of evaluating herbicide combinations and determining herbicide synergism. In press.Google Scholar
3. Arle, H.F. 1968. Trifluralin – Systemic insecticide interactions on seedling cotton. Weed Sci. 16:430–432.Google Scholar
4. Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris . Plant Physiol. 24:1–15.Google Scholar
5. Ashton, F.M., Zweig, G., and Mason, G.W. 1960. The effect of certain triazines on C14O2 fixation in red kidney beans. Weeds 8:448–451.Google Scholar
6. Ashton, F.M., Gifford, E.M. Jr., and Bisalputra, T. 1963. Structural changes in Phaseolus vulgaris induced by atrazine. I. Histological changes. Bot. Gaz. 124:329–335.Google Scholar
7. Ashton, F.M., Gifford, E.M. Jr., and Bisalputra, T. 1963. Structural changes in Phaseolus vulgaris induced by atrazine. II. Effects of five structures of chloroplasts. Bot. Gaz. 124:336–343.Google Scholar
8. Beste, C.E. and Shreiber, M.M. 1972. Interaction of EPTC and 2,4-D on excised tissue growth. Weed Sci. 20:4–7.Google Scholar
9. Beste, C.E. and Shreiber, M.M. 1972. RNA synthesis as the basis for EPTC and 2,4-D antagonism. Weed Sci. 20:8–11.Google Scholar
10. Bishop, N.I. 1962. Inhibition of the oxygen evolving system of photosynthesis by amino-triazines. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 57:186–189.Google Scholar
11. Bowling, C.C. and Hudgins, H.R. 1966. The effect of insecticide on the selectivity of propanil on rice. Weeds 14:94–95.Google Scholar
12. Crafts, A.S. and Robbins, W.W. 1962. Weed control. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y. 671 pp.Google Scholar
13. Donnelley, W.F. and Ries, S.K. 1964. Amitrole translocation in Agropyron repens increased by the addition of ammonium thiocyanate. Science 145:497–498.Google Scholar
14. Easton, E.F., Palmer, R.D., and Grogan, C.O. 1964. Mode of action of atrazine and simazine in susceptible and resistant lines of corn. Weeds 12:49–53.Google Scholar
15. Eshel, Y. 1969. Phytotoxicity, leachability, and site of uptake of 2-chloro-2′6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide. Weed Wci. 27:441–444.Google Scholar
16. Forde, B.J. 1966. Translocation pattern of amitrole and ammonium thiocyanate in quackgrass. Weeds 14:178–179.Google Scholar
17. Good, N.E. 1961. Inhibitors of the Hill reaction. Plant Physiol. 36:788–803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Gowing, D.P. 1959. A method of comparing herbicides and assessing herbicide mixtures at the screening level. Weeds 7:66–76.Google Scholar
19. Hacskaylo, J., Walker, J.K. Jr., and Pires, E.G. 1964. Response of cotton seedlings for combinations of pre-emergence herbicides and systemic insecticides. Weeds 12:288–291.Google Scholar
20. Hill, E.R., Putala, E.C., and Vengris, J. 1968. Atrazine-induced ultrastructural changes of barnyardgrass chloroplasts. Weed Sci. 16:377–380.Google Scholar
21. Jagendorf, A.T. and Evans, M. 1957. The Hill reaction of red kidney bean chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 32:435–440.Google Scholar
22. James, C.S., Prendeville, G.H., Warren, G.F., and Shreiber, M.M. 1970. Interaction between herbicidal carbamates and growth regulators. Weed Sci. 18:137–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Jordan, L.S., Murashige, T., Mann, J.D., and Day, D.E. 1966. Effect of photosynthesis inhibiting herbicides on non-photosynthetic tobacco callus tissue. Weeds 14:134–136.Google Scholar
24. Lowry, P.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Fair, A.L., and Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein measurements with the foliar-phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:265–275.Google Scholar
25. Mans, R.J. and Novelli, G. 1961. Measurements of the incorporation of radioactive amino acids into protein by a filter paper disk method. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 94:48–53.Google Scholar
26. Moreland, D.E., Gentner, W.A., Hilton, J.L., and Hill, K.L. 1959. Studies on the mechanism of herbicidal action of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine. Plant Physiol. 34:432–435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Moreland, D.E. and Hill, K.L. 1962. Interference of herbicides with the Hill reaction of isolated chloroplasts. Weeds 10:220–236.Google Scholar
28. Moreland, D.E., Malhortra, S.S., Gruenhagen, R.D., and Shokraii, E.H. 1969. Effects of herbicides on RNA and protein. Weed Sci. 17:556–563.Google Scholar
29. Pfeiffer, R.K., Barker, C., and Holmes, H.M. 1960. Factors affecting the selectivity of barban for the control of Avena fatua in wheat and barley. Proc. Brit. Weed Contr. Conf. 5:441–452.Google Scholar
30. Prendeville, G.N., James, C.S., Eshel, Y., Warren, G.F., and Shreiber, M. M. 1969. Antagonistic responses with combinations of carbamate and growth regulator herbicides. Weed Sci. 17:307–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. Shimabukuro, R.H., Kadunce, R.E., and Frear, D.S. 1966. Dealkylation of atrazine in mature pea plants. J. Agr. Food Chem. 14:392–395.Google Scholar
32. Shimabukuro, R.H. and Swanson, H.R. 1969. Atrazine metabolism, selectivity, and mode of action. J. Agr. Food Chem. 17:199–205.Google Scholar
33. Singh, R.P., Moolain, M.K., and Behl, N.K. 1969. A review on the effects of triazine herbicides on some physiological and metabolic processes in plants. Indian J. Sci. & Indust. 3:61–70.Google Scholar
34. Singh, R.P. and West, S.H. 1967. Influence of simazine on chloroplast ribonucleic acid, and protein metabolism. Weeds 15:31–34.Google Scholar
35. Swanson, C.R. and Swanson, H.R. 1968. Inhibition of degradation of monuron in cotton leaf tissue by carbamate insecticides. Weed Sci. 16:481–484.Google Scholar
36. Tammes, P.M.L. 1964. Isoboles, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides. Neth. J. Plant Path. 70:73–80.Google Scholar
37. Van Overbeek, J. 1962. Physiological responses of plants to herbicides. Weeds 10:170–174.Google Scholar
38. Yih, R.Y., McRae, D.H., and Wilson, H.F. 1968. Mechanism of selective action of 3′4′-dichloro-propionanilide. Plant Physiol. 43:1291–1296.Google Scholar