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Allelopathic Potential of Legume Debris and Aqueous Extracts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Randall H. White ,
A. Douglas Worsham  and
Udo Blum
Randall H. White
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
A. Douglas Worsham
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
Udo Blum
Affiliation:
Botany Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
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Abstract

Cotton and pitted morningglory emergence and dry weight decreased approximately 60 to 80% when these plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in the presence of increasing amounts (0.8 to 6.7 mg debris/g soil) of field-grown crimson clover or hairy vetch debris incorporated into the soil medium. Conversely, corn dry weight increased 20 to 75% when legume debris was placed on the soil surface; incorporated debris had very little effect on corn emergence or dry weight. Germination and seedling growth of corn, Italian ryegrass, cotton, pitted morningglory, and wild mustard decreased progressively, with species-dependent variation, when exposed to increasing concentrations (8.3 to 33.3 g debris/L) of aqueous crimson clover and hairy vetch extract. Mustard and ryegrass germination and growth were almost completely inhibited by full-strength extracts of both legumes. Bioassay species exhibited greater phytotoxic responses to hairy vetch than to crimson clover in the debris and extract studies. Emergence and growth of corn and cotton were not affected when planted into soil samples, containing root biomass and possible leaf and root exudates, collected from beneath field-grown hairy vetch and crimson clover plants. However, morningglory dry weight increased 35% in the presence of either legume root debris and accompanying soil.

Keywords

Corn, Zea mays L.cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.hairy vetch, Vicia villosa RothItalian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. ♯3 LOLMUwild mustard, Sinapis arvensis L. ♯ SINARpitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. IPOLANo-tillTrifolium incarnatumVicia villosaZea maysGossypium hirsutumIPOLALOLMUSINAR
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 37 , Issue 5 , September 1989 , pp. 674 - 679
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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