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S-cone signals invisible to the motion system can improve motion extraction via grouping by color

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2009

JASNA MARTINOVIC ,
GEORG MEYER ,
MATTHIAS M. MÜLLER  and
SOPHIE M. WUERGER
JASNA MARTINOVIC
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
GEORG MEYER
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
MATTHIAS M. MÜLLER
Affiliation:
Institut für Psychologie I, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
SOPHIE M. WUERGER*
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
*
*Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Sophie M. Wuerger, School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test whether color–motion correlations carried by a pure color difference (S-cone component only) can be used to improve global motion extraction. We also examined the neural markers of color–motion correlation processing in event-related potentials. Color and motion information was dissociated using a two-colored random dot kinematogram, wherein coherent motion and motion noise differed from each other only in their S-cone component, with spatial and temporal parameters set so that global motion processing relied solely on a constant L-M component. Hence, when color and the local motion direction are correlated, more efficient segregation of coherent motion can only be brought about by the S-cone difference, and crucially, this S-cone component does not provide any effective input to a global motion mechanism but only changes the color appearance of the moving dots. The color contrasts (vector length in the S vs. L-M plane) of both the dots carrying coherent motion and the dots moving randomly were fixed at motion discrimination threshold to ensure equal effectiveness for motion extraction. In the behavioral experiment, participants were asked to discriminate between coherent and random motion, and d′ was determined for three different conditions: uncorrelated, uncued correlated, and cued correlated. In the electroencephalographic experiment, participants discriminated direction of motion for uncued correlated and cued correlated conditions. Color–motion correlations were found to improve performance. Cueing a specific color also modulated the N1 component of the event-related potential, with sources in visual area middle temporal. We conclude that S-cone signals “invisible” to the motion system can influence the analysis by direction-selective motion mechanisms through grouping of local motion signals by color. This grouping mechanism must precede motion processing and is likely to be under attentional control.

Keywords

S-conesMotionColorGroupingAttention
Type
Research Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , March 2009 , pp. 237 - 248
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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